Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
(a)
1.6
Cu
1.2
Pb
Cd
Ag
0.8
0.4
0
Background (ppb) by ICP-MS
Columbia River water, WA
Seawater, Sequim Bay, WA
Cd
0.013
0.06
Pb
<LDL
0.2
Cu
0.50
0.95
Ag
0.001
0.03
Hg
<LDL
<LDL
-0.4
Kd (mL/g)
Columbia River water, WA
Cd
7400
Pb
280
000
Cu
91
000
Ag
11
000
Hg
39
0000
-0.8
Seawater, Sequim Bay, WA
2200
570
000
170
000
2800
16
000
-1.0
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
Potential/V
(b)
2.0
Ag
1.6
1.2
Cu
0.8
Pb
Cd
0.4
0
ppb by ICP-MS
Seawater, Sequim Bay, WA
Metal spiked seawater
Cd
0.06
3.9
Pb
0.2
4.8
Cu
0.95
21
Ag
0.03
0.7
Hg
<LDL
7.3
-0.4
-1.0
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Potential/V
Figure 9.11
Sensor measurements of
(a) background metal ions in seawater
(dashed line) and river water (solid line) and
(b) background metal ions (thin line) and
metals spiked (thick line) in seawater, after
150 s of preconcentration time. The inset
tables show metal concentrations, measured
with ICP-MS, and distribution coeffi cients of
multiple metal ions (L/S of 0.01 g l
−
1
DMSA - Fe
3
O
4
, initial metal concentration
500 ppb each, pH of 7.2 for river water and
7.64 for seawater). Reprinted with permission
from Ref. [6];
© The Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC).
were bound with gold nanoparticles to provide an extremely responsive material
for the electrochemical analysis [122, 125]. These composite nanomaterials were
then used to bind and separate protein biomarker targets from solution, followed
by their detection, without the need for any amplifi cation that is typically important
in many protein- detection systems [122, 125] .
