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copyright practices so that academic work can be used more freely as a foundation
for additional research (Berlin Declaration 2003).
The open access movement challenges the traditional model for academic pub-
lishing. This traditional model may not be sustainable with the widespread availab-
ility of technologies that enable the recording and dissemination of information in
new ways.
Repositories Change the Librarian's and Client's Roles
Establishing a repository is an element of implementing open access. A repos-
itory changes the behavior of both faculty or other clients and librarians. Librarians
and clientele must work together in different ways. They must collaborate much
more so that the client is aware of the issues involved with storing research data
and information and organizing it, and aware of possibilities for disseminating re-
search results. The librarian can be a valuable partner in this process. In the tra-
ditional research and publication process, an individual researcher or a research
team could work independently as they collected, stored, and analyzed data. They
wrote their research report and sought a journal or academic press to publish the
results. The librarian usually wasn't consulted.
With a repository on campus, the librarian can be a valuable part of a research
team, to provide guidance and assistance in the organization and storage of data
in a repository. The librarian can assist in the processes of preparing a document
for dissemination and by clarifying copyright issues and protection of the research-
er's creative work. The librarian can help locate suitable commercial or academic
presses for wide dissemination of the work.
Establishment of a repository also can widen the dichotomy between research
and teaching institutions. In a research institution, research and publishing is an in-
herent and expected activity. In an institution that emphasizes teaching, research is
a lesser priority, and teaching loads are heavier. Teaching institutions may assign
faculty to twelve hours of classes each semester, and a research institution may
assign only six hours, and faculty are encouraged to obtain grants to hire adjunct
faculty to teach part or all of their classes. In teaching institutions, faculty do the
minimum amount of scholarship in order to attain promotion and tenure, and their
role may be to utilize the repository as a teaching tool rather than as a research
tool. Students may be taught to access the local repository to read the products of
university students and faculty, and they may be encouraged to deposit their major
papers and theses in the repository.
Regardless of the type of institution, the repository can be used to further the
university's mission, and it requires change in the way that faculty, librarians, and
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