Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
ENDNOTES
voice, data and video. Broadband does not refer
to any specific lower limit of speed of transmis-
sion or bit-rate as it is evolving with technological
dynamics and consumer demand.
BB Access Networks (Broadband Access
Networks):
Broadband access network, often
shortened to 'Broadband Internet', is a high data
transmission rate Internet connection. DSL and
Cable modem, which are popular consumer broad-
band access technologies, are typically capable of
transmitting faster than a dial-up modem.
BB Penetration (Broadband Penetration):
A measure for extent of access to broadband com-
munications within the population of a particular
location where location could refer to a region,
a country, or the entire world. Normally, it is
computed as a ratio between number of subscrib-
ers and total population for a particular location.
Often, this ratio is multiplied by 100 to represent
broadband penetration per100 inhabitants.
Broadband Diffusion:
Refers to the spread
of deployment and adoption of broadband tech-
nology.
Broadband Deployment:
Refers to develop-
ment of broadband networks or infrastructure
through which broadband services can be deliv-
ered.
Mobile Wireless Broadband:
Mobile broad-
band wireless access which may be defined as
wireless access application(s) in which the loca-
tion of end user termination is mobile and speed
of data rate is 1-4 mbit/s.
Broadband Subscribers (BB subscribers):
Fixed broadband Internet subscribers refers to a
subscriber who pays for high-speed access to the
public Internet (a TCP/IP connection), at speeds
equal to, or greater than, 256 kbit/s, in one or both
directions. This can include cable modem, DSL,
leased lines, fibre-to-the-home/business and other
broadband subscribers. This total is measured ir-
respective of the method of payment.
1
The views expressed in this chapter (without
any reference) are solely those of authors
and do not represent the views of AT&T.
We express our sincere thanks to Carroll W.
Creswell, Richard N. Clarke and Pradeep
Bansal of AT&T for their helpful suggestions
and comments
2
See Stuckmann and Zimmermann, 2007
3
See the topic
Broadband Services:Business
Models and Technologies for Community
Networks
(editors:
I. Chlamtac, A. Gumaste and C. A. Szabo,
2005, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
4
With Broadband 'dial-up' Internet access,
users plug a computer into their phone line
via modem and dial some specific telephone
number to access Internet connections. With
its 'always on' characteristics, broadband
internet connection on the other hand, elimi-
nates the need for dial-up service altogether.
5
Due to high fixed cost, BB access provid-
ers' choice of technology is dependent on
the existing network which they can use for
provisioning BB service with minimum cost
6
BPL successfully applied in Iceland and
Japan and BB over Railway infrastructure
was tested by trial project in India.
7
In USA, by deploying Fiber cable network,
AT&T and Verizon became notable competi-
tors for TV market by offering their U-Verse
and FIOS service respectively.
8
Few of them are Odinma, Oborkhale, Eng
and Kah, 2007, Niyato and Hossain, 2007.
Nee and Prasad, 2000, Biagioni, Fantacci,
Marabissi and Tarchi, 2009
9
See Lehr and McKnight, 2003
10
As documented in the literature on new
growth theory (Romer, 1989, 1990; Barro,
1990, Mankiew, 1992; and Lucas, 1998, Da-
vid, 2001), human capital and accumulated
stock of knowledge accelerate economic
growth by inducing technical change in
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