The Living Soil - Understanding Vineyard Soils - page 208

Table 5.9 Tolerance of Grapevine Varieties and Rootstocks to Salinity

Tolerance level and salinity threshold a Vitis vinifera and common rootstocks

Sensitive, <3.6 dS/m Most V. vinifera varieties on own roots, 1202 and 3309

Couderc, K51-40

Moderately sensitive, >3.6 dS/m
Moderately tolerant, <6.6 dS/m

420A Millardet, 99 and 110 Richter, SO4, 5BB Kober,
5C Teleki, 1103 Paulsen, 101-14, Ramsey

Tolerant, >6.6 dS/m Schwarzmann, 140 Ruggeri

Compiled from Zhang et al. (2002), Whiting (2004), Roberts and Cass (2007), and Clingleffer et al.
(2011).
a Measured as the root-zone electrical conductivity EC dw .

Table 5.10 Choice of Rootstocks for Drought Tolerance in Different Soil Types

Vineyard water
status Soil profile characteristics a Recommended rootstocks

Soil depth <20 cm; sand,
loam, or clay, including any
root-impeding subsoil

Dry-grown 110 Richter, 140 Ruggeri, 1103

Paulsen

Irrigated 110 Richter, 140 Ruggeri, 1103

Paulsen, Ramsey

Soil depth 20-75 cm; sands, loams,
or clays, with no root-impeding
subsoil

Dry-grown 99 Richter, 140 Ruggeri, 1103

Paulsen, Ramsey, 5BB Kober

Irrigated 99 Richter, Ramsey, 5BB Kober,

5C Teleki, Schwarzmann, SO4,
420A Millardet, 101-14 (in
loams and clays)

Soil depth >75 cm; uniform or
gradational profile of sand, loam,
or clay

Dry-grown 99 Richter, 1103 Paulsen, Ramsey

(in sand), 5BB Kober

Irrigated SO4, 101-14, 5C Teleki,

Schwarzmann, 3306 and 3309
Couderc, 420A Millardet

Compiled from Whiting (2003), and Roberts and Cass (2007).
a See box 1.1, chapter 1, for soil profile descriptors.

Soil depth, texture, and the availability of irrigation water determine the
choice of rootstocks for drought tolerance. Given that V. riparia (the river grape)
naturally prefers a cool, moist environment, crosses based on this species are best
suited to deep soils under cool, moist conditions. On the other hand, V. rupestris
(the rock grape) naturally occurs in harsh habitats on rocky soils, so crosses based
on this species are best suited to warm, dry climates and shallow soils. Table 5.10
groups the common rootstocks according to these characteristics.
With respect to soil pH constraints, low pH can be corrected by liming (see box
3.6, chapter 3). Although vines can grow on soils with a pH(CaCl 2 ) as low as 4, they