Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
3. Expression ( 10.58 )for M can be rewritten as
follows:
Gutenberg B, Richter CF (1956) Magnitude and energy of
earthquakes. Ann Geofis 9:1-15
Kagan YY (1991) Seismic moment distribution. Geophys
J Int 106:123-134
Kagan YY (1993) Statistics of characteristic earthquakes.
Bull Seismol Soc Am 83(1):7-24
Kagan YY (2010) Earthquake size distribution: power-law
with exponent “
.1/
.2/
M D cos • cosœM
C sin • cosœM
.3/
.4/
cos2• sin œM
C sin 2• sin œM
½? Tectonophysics 490:103-114
Kanamori H (1977) The energy release in great earth-
quakes. J Geophys Res 82(20):2981-2987
Lay T, Wallace TC (1995) Modern global seismology, vol
58, International Geophysics Series. Academic, San
Diego, 521 pp
Molnar P (1979) Earthquake recurrence intervals and plate
tectonics. Bull Seismol Soc Am 69(1):115-133
Nakatani M (2001) Conceptual and physical clarifi-
cation of rate and state friction: frictional sliding
as a thermally activated rheology. J Geophys Res
106(B7):13347-13380
Panofsky WKH, Phillips M (2005) Classical electricity
and magnetism. Courier Dover Publications.
Reid HF (1910) The mechanics of the earthquake, the
California earthquake of April 18, 1906. Report of the
State Investigation Commission, 2. Carnegie Institu-
tion of Washington, Washington, DC
Richter CF (1935) An instrumental earthquake magnitude
scale. Bull Seismol Soc Am 25:1-32
Ruina A (1983) Slip instability and state variable friction
laws. J Geophys Res 88(B12):10359-10370
Scholz CH (1998) Earthquakes and friction laws. Nature
391(6662):37-42
Shearer PM (2009) Introduction to seismology, 2nd edn.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 396
Stein S, Wysession M (2003) An introduction to seis-
mology, earthquakes, and earth structure. Blackwell
Publishing Ltd., Carlton, 498
Udías A (1999) Principles of seismology. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, UK, 475
where M ( k ) are four elementary moment ten-
sors. Find expressions for M ( k ) and discuss the
result.
References
Aki K, Richards PG (2002) Quantitative seismology, 2nd
edn. University Science, Sausalito, 700 pp
Berthoud P, Baumberger T, G'Sell C, Hiver J-M (1999)
Physical
analysis
of
the
state-and
rate-dependent
friction
law:
static
friction.
Phys
Rev
B
59(22):
14313-14327
Brace WF, Byerlee JD (1966) Stick slip as a mechanism
for earthquakes. Science 153:990-992
Burridge R, Knopoff L (1964) Body force equiva-
lents for seismic dislocations. Bull Seismol Soc Am
54(6A):1875-1888
Dieterich JH (1972) Time-dependent friction in rocks.
J
Geophys
Res
77(20):3690-3697.
doi: 10.1029/
JB077i020p03690
Dieterich JH (1979) Modeling of rock friction: 1. Exper-
imental results and constitutive equations. J Geophys
Res 84(B5):2161-2168
Dieterich JH, Linker MF (1992) Fault stability under
conditions of variable normal stress. Geophys Res Lett
19(16):1691-1694
Search WWH ::




Custom Search