Image Processing Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 12.2
Six 'Ali' written
in Ma'qeli script in a coin
such that three are inscribed
in shape of hollows and
the others are embedded
between the hollows
12.2
Preliminary Definitions and Terminologies
The Ma'qeli script is a sort of Persian script which consists of 32 characters. How-
ever, it usually appears in 64 different letter's shapes in four different groups of the
Initial, Medial, Final, and Isolated forms. The Ma'qeli characters are constructed
based on the squares which resemble the markings of a grid paper. There is no
curve in this script and both horizontal and vertical lines have odd length in a grid
paper. This kind of alphabet is generally utilized to tile shrines with words such as
Allah and Muhammad, and has an interesting appearance. In other words, tiling has
been done such that only some of these words can be seen in the first impression;
however, to look carefully, more words can be recognized in that geometrical object.
For instance, an observer could see only three 'Ali' in Fig. 12.2 at first glance, but
having a closer look will result in finding six embedded 'Ali' in the golden coin.
This interesting feature motivated us to explore whether this script could be effec-
tively used to generate graphical text patterns. Fig.12.3 shows all Persian alphabet
letters in Ma'qeli script.
As shown in Fig. 12.3, the characters with similar shapes are grouped together
and the only difference between members of these groups is in existence of addi-
tional diacritics including dots and lines, the and groups are
clarifying examples with respect to the former and the latter differences. Production
of a word pattern using the Ma'qeli script can be done by the following meta-rules:
•
The positions of each letter with regard to the base line.
•
Attaching adequate additional diacritics to letters
•
The connection or separation of each letter to/from other ones in a word, and
space between each words.
•
The expansion of letters and words in both vertical and horizontal directions.
•
The square cells which fill a grid paper or tessellate a construction.
•
Considering a white space before writing a word as the most important principle
of calligraphy.
A 2D asynchronous cellular automaton consists of cells arranged in a rectangular
array, in which space and time are discrete. Each cell has k finite discrete states with
varying values between 0 and k-1. At each discrete time step, the states of all cells
are updated asynchronously according to a local rule that depends only upon the
state of the cell and its neighbors. Although there is no limitation for defining neigh-
bors in two dimensions cellular automata, models of spatial processes usually use
one of the only three regular tessellations in the plane which are squares, hexagons,
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