Image Processing Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 11
Cellular Automaton Shading for Building
Envelopes
Machi Zawidzki
Abstract.
This chapter collects the key findings of the pioneering concept of a CA-
based shading system for building envelopes, CASS for short. CASS can be consid-
ered as a realistic approach to realization of the architect's dream of an adaptive skin
of a building which could dynamically change its appearance according to varying
external conditions or the inhabitants' will. Since CASS is based on identical modu-
lar units it has potential of being relatively robust and inexpensive. Most importantly
it takes visual advantage of CA's emergent properties which result in new, intrigu-
ing, organic aesthetics. The practical approach focused on tangible and “buildable”
results make this material particularly suitable for designers and building engineers
— groups that usually are not well addressed in CA research. Additionally, this pa-
per presents an alternative approach to CA which may contribute to the mainstream
research in the field.
11.1
Building Envelope and Daylighting
Architectural building envelope (BE) is an example of a real-life engineering design
problem, which can be formulated as multi-objective optimization. BE is to serve a
number of functions and meet requirements which sometimes are contradictory; the
hierarchy of their importance is often ambiguous and strongly user-dependent. BE
is an interface between the exterior and interior of a building and usually serves the
four main functions:
•
protection from external factors, as it improves security and reduces the levels of
noise pollution;
•
protection from climatic changes (temperature, humidity, glare);
•
provision of natural light and visual contact with the environment, or visual iso-
lation from exterior if required;
•
aesthetics, as the facade is one of the most articulated visual aspect of a building.
Machi Zawidzki
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
e-mail:
zawidzki@mit.edu
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