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Fig. 3 Flow conditions at height z ¼ 0.01 m and z ¼ 1.93 m: (a) streaklines for discharge
Q 1 / Q 2 ¼ 0.2, (b) particle trajectories for Q 1 / Q 2 ¼ 0.2, and (c) streaklines for Q 1 / Q 2 ¼ 0.5
Fig. 4 Resultant trajectories of fluid particles under centripetal force: (a) at the bottom, and (b)at
the surface
z
1.870 m, respectively). The maximum
value of the kinetic energy of turbulence occurs at the bottom at the right wall of the
branch. At the surface, the maximum turbulence intensity appears on the left wall of
the branch. These results confirm that turbulence arises where flow lines diverge. The
locations of diverging flow lines near the bed and near the surface are at opposite sides,
causing a spiral motion. In addition, the velocity vectors in the outlet of the branch
¼
0.046 m and under the water surface z
¼
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