Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
SNSP
is currently (2013) 0.50 in Ireland. The limit is often invoked, and there is an
ambition to increase it to 0.75. IF HVDC imports and exports are excluded, an
assumed
SNSP
value of 0.70 limits wind generation as shown by the dotted line in
Figure 5.37. Wind curtailment is now possible for 93 per cent of the time.
At first glance therefore, it may seem that there is no economic case for the
suggested 30 per cent penetration scenario. Before dismissing the possibility, it is
worth estimating the wind curtailment. It will be assumed that the wind resource
and aggregate power curve may be described by the histograms in Figure 3.4, with
the following values for wind speeds in the active range:
Wind speed (m/s)
Power (MW)
Duration (hours)
5
200
900
6
500
1,040
7
1,000
1,050
8
2,000
950
9
3,000
800
10
4,000
600
11
5,000
450
12-20
5,400
885
Note that it is assumed that there are 10,000 600 kW turbines, and that the
sector maximum is capped at 90 per cent of the installed capacity, in accordance
with the data presented in Figure 5.19. It may be noted that the overall capacity
factor is 0.295, close to the assumed value of 0.30.
The load duration characteristic is now divided into ten sections of constant
demand and equal duration, 876 hours. The demands and wind power limits for
those levels requiring curtailment are:
Demand
(MW)
Wind limit (MW),
SNSP
ΒΌ
0.7
Wind limit (MW),
1,000 MW I/C
3,300
2,310
3,010
3,900
2,730
3,430
4,500
3,150
3,850
5,100
3,570
4,270
5,700
3,990
4,690
6,300
4,410
5,110
6,900
4,830
(5,530)
7,500
5,250
(5,950)
Taking the first demand level of 3,300 MW, curtailment starts at a wind speed
of 9 m/s and is 690 MW for 800 hours. The curtailment is 1,690 MW for 600 hours
at 10 m/s, 2,690 MW for 450 hours at 11 m/s and 3,090 MW for 885 hours over the
remaining range from 12 to 20 m/s. The total is 551,115 MWh. The overall total for
all eight demand levels is 1,929,210 MWh, or 12.4 per cent of potential wind energy.
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