Network integration of wind power - Wind Power Integration: Connection and System Operational Aspects - page 97

Minimum reactive capability characteristic of WFPS at the connection point

1.1

A B

1

Connected at
132 kV and above

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

Voltage control mode /
reactive power dispatch
Mode

0.4

Power factor control
Mode

0.3

0.2

0.1

C D

0

-0.33 0.33

E

Consumption ( lead ) mvar capability
of the WFPS at the connection point

Production ( lag ) mvar capability
of the WFPS at the connection point

Q/pmax

Point A MVAr consumption (lead) capability of the WFPS at Registered Capacity at

the Connection Point

Point B MVAr production (lag) capability of the WFPS at Registered Capacity at

the Connection Point

Point C MVAr consumption (lead) capability at cut-in speed of the WFPS at the

Connection Point

Point D MVAr generation (lag) capability at cut-in speed of the WFPS at

the Connection Point

Figure 4.1 Typical wind farm reactive power requirements

Operation throughout ABCD is a requirement in all modes except power factor
control. (See Appendix 2, Clause CC.S2.3.2(a).)
Table 4.1 indicates the power factor requirements in various jurisdictions.

4.3.1.2 Wind farms connected to sub-transmission systems
Consider a large wind farm connected to a 132 kV or 33 kV node. The network
voltage control requirement needs to be more stringent if other network users are
also connected electrically close to the wind farm.
If the connection is directly to the 132 kV network, the situation is relatively
similar to the 400 kV connection above except that it is likely that the connection
nodal voltage range will be more restricted. In practice about 0.95-1.05 per unit
voltage is likely to be the working range.