Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
people, there was no nationally concerted effort to include the needs of displaced people
in river-basin planning and hydropower development. Progress in such efforts has come
slowly and incrementally. Several decades ago, for example, China's resettlement policy
was geared only toward addressing “state construction projects,” including urban and rural
residence infrastructure, industries and mining, transportation, water conservancy, milit-
ary facilities, and related projects (as indicated in the Land Administration Law of 1998
[ChineseNationalPeople'sCongress(1986-1998)2004]).Morerecently,thepolicyframe-
work has been expanded to include projects related to other public interests, such as na-
tional security and economic development. In practice, this expansion captures a huge
range of projects related to energy, transportation, water-conservancy infrastructure, pub-
lic health, environmental conservation, disaster prevention, historic preservation, and even
sports (Chinese State Council 2011).
The two most prominent issues in contemporary resettlement policy, which are also the
most politically sensitive and controversial, are demolition for urban-redevelopment pro-
grams—often called chaiqian , literally “demolishing and relocating”—and resettlement
for dam projects. 4 These two issues represent the primary sites of friction arising from
rapid economic development, ambiguous property rights, and the transition from a cent-
rally planned economy to a market economy. Table 6.2 provides a description of the most
significant laws and policies related to land requisition, resettlement, and compensation in
China over the past two decades.
TABLE 6.2 Selected Laws and Policies on Land Requisition, Resettlement, and Compensation in the People's Republic
of China
Issuing
Body
(Year)
Law/Regulation
Description
State
Council
(1991, re-
vised
1998)
Offers specific guidelines on how to enforce the Land Adminis-
tration Law; provides guidelines on public participation in hear-
ings.
Enforcement Ordinance of the Land Ad-
ministration Law of the PRC
State
Council
(1991, re-
Regulations on Land-Acquisition Com-
pensation and Resettlement of Migrants
for Construction of Large- and Medium-
Outlines administrative rules on resettlement and compensation
related to water projects.
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