Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
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Many investments would simultaneously improve reliability & reduce
vulnerability or the amount of damage from terrorist attack
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Evaluating the reliability and security benefits together would justify
many new investments
Figure 10. High Voltage Transmission System.
In the analysis of the of the energy grid system the existing electricity
distribution networks regulatory framework will be taken also into account. A
Smart Grids Factor will be formed based on indicators such as grid volume
and distributed generation rate. This factor is introducing the effect of the
regulation on the system, which is further to the performance-based
ratemaking (guaranteed or overall standards). Using also the quality and
efficiency factors implemented, a ―third pillar‖ (besides economy and quality)
for the regulation will be developed according to the countries existing
incentive and quality based regulation.[2]
This factor should reveal the current state of play, the changes compared
to previous years and should allow a future outlook of the trends in network
development. As an incentive it should have positive effects directly on the
network operators' revenues in case of an improvement of the situation (less
grid losses, more distributed generation compared to previous year). In order
to measure the performance of each individual network operator and to make
results comparable, each regulator should define reference values in advance.
Different reference values for the individual operators are foreseen to include
structural varieties. If the operator didn't reach the expected level it should
consequently reduce its revenues. This would be an efficient method, which
gives to network operators a financial incentive to foster network development
in line with the approach of a Smart Grids.[3]
An electricity blackout causes us to freeze (sweat) in the dark. We find it
difficult to: commute (no traffic signals, no trains); get up and down in
