Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
severe human rights violations. Corruption in the arms trade is considered, and
features of the arms trade which encourage corruption are noted.
A case study of military research in the UK is presented and makes depressing
reading. It is noted that most of the research relates to offensive rather than defen-
sive weapons and that UK weapons are often exported to countries with very poor
human rights records, which reduces rather than increases security. The penultimate
section considers the impacts of military expenditure on the economy and discusses
the research which shows that other types of expenditure generally lead to creation
of more jobs than military expenditure. The fi nal section summarises the chapter
and presents further discussion. It notes that developments in military technology
have transformed the nature of confl ict and heightened insecurity. It is pointed out
that the data shows that for many countries military spending relates to power,
prestige and status rather than 'defence' and that engineers and scientists have had
a major role in developing military technologies which have made confl ict more
lethal and to take place over a much wider area, involving more civilians. The
importance of security policies based on peace building and resolving problems
rather than fear and high-tech weapons is again highlighted.
8
Part V: Looking to the Future
This short part rounds off the topic and contains one chapter, Chap.
12
on
'Conclusions and Looking to the Future' as well as resource materials, a list of
additional reading, and contact for organisations of engineers and scientists working
for change.
References
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Press, Oxford
Connell BR, Jones M, Mace R, Mueller J, Mullick A, Ostroff E, Sanford J, Steinfeld E, Story M,
Vanderheiden G. (1997) The principles of universal design version 2.0.
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ncsu.edu/cud/about_ud/udprinciplestext.htm
.
Accessed 11 Aug 2010
Hackett G, Betz NE, Casas JM, Rocha-Singh IA (1992) Gender, ethnicity, and social cognitive
factors predicting the academic achievement of students in engineering. J Couns Psychol
39(4):527
Hersh M (2000) The changing position of women in engineering worldwide. IEEE Trans Eng
Manag 47(3):345-359
Hersh MA (2002) Whistleblowers - heroes or traitors?: individual and collective responsibility for
ethical behaviour. Annu Rev Control 26:243-262
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