Environmental Engineering Reference
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with an intelligence based on a very sophisticated rule-based system, though more
complex decisions would require the ability to go beyond rules and use the type of
creativity typical of people. This raises the questions of the extent to which robots
will ever be capable of this type of creative thought and their rights and moral
responsibilities if this happens. While interesting from a research perspective, this
issue is not of immediate practical relevance. There are also associated ethical and
other issues of whether there is any need and role for robots with human behaviour
and reasoning ability. This is particularly relevant in the context of a large and still
increasing human population. It seems likely that such robots would be used to
replace people and drive down wages in a variety of applications. While such robots
have the potential to be used to teach positive social relationships and interactions
based on collaboration rather than competition, the potential to turn (humanoid)
robots off and leave them in a corner when not required or when they ask awkward
questions (if the technology develops to the point of enabling them to do this) could
encourage a lack of respect within relationships.
In summary, robots are a technology with considerable potential, but a number
of as yet answered technical, ethical and other questions. This argues for both fur-
ther research and caution in the introduction of technologically advanced, particu-
larly intelligent, robots to give suffi cient time to research, monitor and evaluate the
impacts, which are likely to result.
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