Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
ecological Marxism, see O'Connor (1994) and O'Connor (1998), while for a materialist
reinterpretation of environmentalism, see Burkett (1999). I use ecological anarchism
broadly to encompass Bookchin's (1971) early attempt to construct a post-scarcity
anarchism and, more recently, Carter's (1999) more considered approach to an anarchist
environmental politics. Environmental security is now an expansive literature but Dalby's
(2002) topic is still the best critical work on the topic in security studies and international
relations.
4 I understand poststructuralism to be an Anglophonic term that encompasses a variety of
approaches influenced by French theorists (such as Derrida and Foucault) who use
language-based analyses, but which have differing stances on the relationship between
language and reality. I understand anti-foundationalism to make the particular claim that
there is no reality outside language and consequently I see this as a specific strand of
poststructuralism.
5 This is a staple point of postcolonial and decolonial thought but see, for example, Gilroy
(2000) and Goldberg (1993, 2002).
6 There is some disagreement about Crutzen's periodisation of the Anthropocene
beginning with the invention of the steam engine in the late eighteenth century (see
Smith and Zeder, 2013). On the other hand, Ruddiman (2003, 2005a, 2005b, 2006)
champions an early-Anthropocene hypothesis, dating its beginning to mass deforestation
8000 years ago based on atmospheric composition (see also the special edition of
Holocene
,
vol. 21, edited by Ruddiman, Crucifix and Oldfield in 2011), while Dull
et al
. concur,
suggesting deforestation peaked in the late-fifteenth century when European arrival in
the New World brought new diseases which resulted in a 95 per cent reduction of the
Indigenous populations.
7 The naming of diseases is a fascinating reflection of geopolitics. US Secretary of
Agriculture Tom Vislak expressed concerns that the term 'swine flu' would convince
people not to eat pork and consequently the US Centers for Disease Control re-named
it the 'Novel Influenza A (H1N1)', which was picked up by the European Commission's
use of 'novel flu virus'. Meanwhile, in the Netherlands, it was originally known as 'pig
flu' but eventually renamed the 'Mexico flu' by the Netherlands National Institute for
Public Health and the Environment, which is similar to 'Mexican virus' adopted by both
South Korea and Israel. The World Organisation for Animal Health proposed 'North
American influenza', which unsurprisingly was not taken up.
8 I should note that the zombie film genre appears as the political counter-point to the
epidemic disaster film, since it is usually the moral decay of the West (either governments,
scientists or capitalist corporations) that serves as the breeding ground for the zombie
virus.
9 See http://agspsrv34.agric.wa.gov.au/ento/bee3.htm (accessed 18 November 2012). All
other references in this paragraph refer to this webpage.
10 For a broader discussion of the rise of 'securitainment' in the post-9/11 environment, see
Andrejevic (2011).
References
Adams, C. J. 1990.
The Sexual Politics of Meat: A Feminist-Vegetarian Critical Theory
, Oxford,
Polity Press.
Andrejevic, M. 2011. 'Securitainment' in the Post-9/11 Era.
Continuum: A Journal Of Media
and Popular Culture
, 25, 165-175.
Anker, P. 2001.
Imperial Ecology: Environmental Order in the British Empire, 1895-1945
,
Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press.
Anthropocene Working Group. 2009. Anthropocene Working Group of the Subcommission
on Quarternary Stratigraphy (International Commission on Stratigraphy),
Newsletter
1,
Search WWH ::
Custom Search