Lake Production, Succession, and Eutrophication - Hydro-Environmental Analysis: Freshwater Environments - page 464

TABLE 16.6
Relationship between Chlorophyll a, Total Phosphorus, and Total Nitrogen, as
Described by Florida's TSI
Trophic State Index Chlorophyll-a ( μ g L -1 ) Total Phosphorus (mg L -1 ) Total Nitrogen (mg L -1 )

0 0.3 0.003 0.06

10 0.6 0.005 0.1

20 1.3 0.009 0.16

30 2.5 0.01 0.27

40 5 0.02 0.45

50 10 0.04 0.7

60 20 0.07 1.2

70 40 0.12 2

80 80 0.2 3.4

90 160 0.34 5.6

100 320 0.58 9.3

Source: FDEP (Florida Department of Environmental Protection), Technical Support Document: Development of
Numeric Nutrient Criteria for Florida Lakes and Streams , Florida Department of Environmental Protection,
Tallahassee, FL, 2009.

TABLE 16.7
Warmwater Florida TSI Categories
TSI

Category TP ( μ g L -1 ) Chlorophyll - a

40 Oligotrophic 21.3 5

50 Mesotrophic 39.6 10

70 Eutrophic 118.7 40

Source: Salas, H.J. and Martino, P., Water Research , 25,
341-350, 1991.

16.4.6 M acropHyteS and t ropHIc S tatuS
The TSI methods described by Carlson (1977) and FDEP (2009) do not consider macrophyte-dom-
inated lakes. Carlson and Simpson (1996) indicated that a potential solution is to use relationships
based on the TP of a lake, to include the TP both in the water column and in the plant biomass
(Canield et al. 1983), so that the trophic state could include both macrophytes and algae, and have
internally consistent units.

REFERENCES
American Public Health Association. 1999. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater .
American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Pollution Control
Federation, 20th edn, Washington, DC.
Art, H.W. (ed.). 1993. Eutrophication. A Dictionary of Ecology and Environmental Science , 1st ed. Henry Holt
and Company, New York.
Box, G.E.P. and N.R. Draper. 1987. Empirical Model-Building and Response Surfaces , Wiley, New York.
Canield, Jr. D.E., K.A. Langeland, M.J. Maceina, W.T. Haller, J.V. Shireman, and J.R. Jones. 1983. Trophic
state classiication of lakes with aquatic macrophytes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic
Sciences 40, 1713-1718.