Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
109.0
106.0
103.0
100.0
97.3
94.3
91.3
88.3
85.3
82.3
79.2
76.2
73.2
70.2
67.2
64.2
61.2
58.2
55.2
52.1
49.1
46.1
43.1
40.1
37.1
34.1
31.1
28.0
25.0
22.0
19.0
16.0
13.0
9.98
6.96
3.95
Chlorophyll-a at 07/31/1995 23:13
Distance (m)
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
0
0
5
5
10
10
15
15
20
20
25
25
30
30
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
Distance (m)
(a) Walter F. George Reservoir, GA, predicted chlorophyll-a concentrations (λg L -1 ) for July 31, 1995
13.3
12.9
12.6
12.2
11.8
11.5
11.1
10.7
10.4
9.99
9.63
9.26
8.90
8.53
8.16
7.80
7.43
7.07
6.70
6.33
5.97
5.60
5.24
4.87
4.50
4.14
3.77
3.41
3.04
2.68
2.31
1.94
1.58
1.21
0.846
0.480
Dissolved_oxygen at 07/31/1995 23:13
Distance (m)
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
0
0
5
5
10
10
15
15
20
20
25
25
30
30
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
Distance (m)
(b) Walter F. George Reservoir, GA predicted dissolved oxygen concentrations (mg L -1 ) for July 31, 1995
FIGURE 14.19 (a,b) Predicted chlorophyll-a (ppb) and dissolved oxygen concentrations (ppm) for Lake
Walter F. George, GA, for July 31, 1995. (From Martin, J.L. and Hesterlee, C., Detailed reservoir water quality
modeling to support environmental impact statements for the evaluation of ACT and ACF river basins water
allocation, Contract Report prepared for the U.S. Army Engineer District, Mobile, 1988.)
14.5.1.3 Nitriication
Under oxic conditions, and in the presence of appropriate bacteria, organisms oxidize ammonia,
which is referred to as nitriication. This occurs as a two-step process (Figure 14.22), where irst the
Nitrosomonas bacteria convert ammonium (NH + ) to nitrite (NO ):
+
+
NH 1.5O
+
→++
NO HO 2H
2
(14.11)
4
2
2
and then the Nitrobacter bacteria convert nitrite to nitrate:
NO 0.5O
+
NO
(14.12)
2
3
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