Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
150
140
Te mperature
(°C)
130
<10
10-16
16-20
20-22
22-24
120
110
>24
100
90
80
70
60
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
Day
FIGURE 12.19
Modeled temperature proile contours (vertical proiles vs. time) at the Folsom Dam fore-
bay (just upstream of the dam) during 2001-2003. (From Bender, M.D., Kibitschek, J.P., and Vermeyen,
T.B., Temperature modeling of Folsom Lake, Lake Natoma and the Lower American River. Special Report,
Sacramento Water Forum and Bureau of Reclamation, Sacramento County, CA, 2007. With permission.)
6000
5000
4000
Polymictic
3000
2000
1000
Oligomictic
0
90
80
70
60
50
Latitude (°)
40
30
20
10
0
FIGURE 12.20
Lake types vs. latitude and altitude. (Reprinted from
Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems
,
3rd ed., Wetzel, R.G., Copyright 2001, with permission from Elsevier.)
•
Biogenic meromixis: results from a biological activity, such as where the electrolyte
concentration increases in bottom waters due to the decomposition of organic materi-
als (Hutchinson 1937).
•
Ectogenic meromixis: is due to something originating or produced by some source
outside of the lake and reservoir. An example would be where denser saltwater enters a
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