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Maximum water surface
Normal water surface
Control house
Te rminal structure
Pressurized
conduit
Intake structure
Gate chamber
Regulating valve/gate
Pressurized conduit inside a larger
downstream access conduit
Guard and regulating valves/gates
(a) Pressurized outlet works with the control feature intermediate along the conduit, with downstream access
Gate house
Maximum water surface
Normal water surface
Intake structure
Nonpressurized
(free-flow) conduit
Te rminal structure
Gate chamber
Pressurized conduit
Guard and regulating valves/gates
(b) Pressurized outlet works with control feature intermediate along the conduit, without downstream access
Gate house
Maximum
water surface
Footbridge
Normal
water surface
Intake structure
Nonpressurized
(free-flow) conduit
Te rminal
structure
Guard and regulating valves/gates
(c) Nonpressurized outlet works with the control feature at the upstream end of the conduit
Maximum water surface
Normal water surface
Control house
Intake structure
Te rminal structure
Pressurized conduit
Guard and regulating
valves/gates
(d) Pressurized outlet works with control feature at the downstream end of the conduit
FIGURE 10.31
(a-d) Common outlet works and conduits for embankment dams. (From FEMA, Technical
manual: Conduits through embankment dams best practices for design, construction, problem identiication
and evaluation, inspection, maintenance, renovation, and repair, Federal Emergency Management Authority,
Washington, DC, 2005.)
10.4.2.6 Structures for Water Quality and Fisheries Management
Dams and their operations have large impacts, both positive and negative, on isheries and water
quality both within and below the impoundment. Often, additional structural or operational controls
are implemented to enhance the water quality and isheries. Examples include the devices discussed
in the previous section (rivers and streams) for ish passage, since dams acting as barriers to migra-
tion is a major issue for many ish species. There are a variety of other isheries and water quality
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