Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Thermodynamic Properties of Fuel Combustion at 25
◦
C and One Atmosphere Pressure
a
TABLE 3.1
FHV
b
(
h
r
−
h
p
)
b
FHV
b
Molecular Weight
f
(MJ/kg fuel)
c
Fuel
Symbol
(g/mol)
(
A/F
)
st
(MJ/kg product) (MJ/kg fuel) (MJ/kg C)
Pure Compounds
d
Hydrogen
NA
e
H
2
2.016
119.96
34.28
3.400
117.63
Carbon (graphite)
C
(
solid
)
12.01
32.764
11.51
2.619
32.834
32.764
Methane
CH
4
16.04
50.040
17.23
2.745
51.016
66.844
Carbon monoxide
CO
28.01
10.104
2.467
2.914
9.1835
23.564
Ethane
C
2
H
6
30.07
47.513
16.09
2.780
48.822
59.480
Methanol
CH
4
O
32.04
20.142
6.470
2.696
22.034
53.739
Propane
C
3
H
8
44.10
46.334
15.67
2.779
47.795
56.708
Ethanol
C
2
H
6
O
46.07
27.728
9.000
2.773
28.903
53.181
Isobutane
C
4
H
10
58.12
45.576
15.46
2.769
53.142
Hexane
C
6
H
14
86.18
46.093
15.24
2.838
54.013
Octane
C
8
H
18
114.2
44.785
15.12
2.778
53.246
Decane
C
10
H
22
142.3
44.599
15.06
2.778
52.838
Dodecane
C
12
H
26
170.3
44.479
15.01
2.778
52.567
Hexadecane
C
16
H
34
226.4
44.303
14.95
2.778
52.208
Octadecane
C
18
H
38
254.5
44.257
14.93
2.778
52.102
Commercial Fuels
Natural gas
36-42
Gasoline
47.4
Kerosene
46.4
No. 2 oil
45.5
No. 6 oil
42.5
Anthracite coal
32-34
Bituminous coal
28-36
Subbituminous coal
20-25
Lignite
14-18
Biomass Fuels
Wood (fir)
21
Grain
14
Manure
13
a
Data from Lide, David R., and H. P. R. Frederikse, Eds., 1994.
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics.
75th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press;
Probstein, Ronald F., and R. Edwin Hicks, 1982.
Synthetic Fuels.
New York: McGraw-Hill; Flagan, Richard C., and John H. Seinfeld, 1988.
Fundamentals of Air Pollution.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
b
H
2
O product in vapor phase; heating value is the lower heating value (
LHV
).
c
1 MJ/kg
=
429.9 Btu/lb mass.
d
Gas phase, except carbon.
e
NA, not applicable.
