Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 2.1
Population, Energy Use, GDP, Energy Use per Capita, and Energy Use per
$
GDP in Several
Countries, 1996
a
GDP
b
Population
Energy Use
Energy Use per Capita
Energy Use per $ GDP
Country
(million)
(Quad)
($ billion)
(MBtu/cap/y)
(kBtu/$ GDP)
Developed
United States
263
88.2
5452
335
16.2
Canada
30
11.7
477
395
24.5
Russia
148
26.8
247
181
108.3
Japan
125
21.4
3007
171
7.1
Germany
82
13.7
1501
168
9.1
France
58
9.4
1402
162
9.0
Italy
58
7.4
884
127
8.4
United Kingdom
58
9.8
786
169
12.5
Norway
4
1.6
102
390
16.7
Less Developed
China
1212
35.7
533
29.4
67
India
936
30.6
379
32.6
24
Indonesia
194
10.5
129
54.1
81
Brazil
156
6.7
333
43
20
Mexico
95
5.6
155
59
36
NA
c
World Total
5724
380
66.4
NA
a
Data from U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Agency, 1997.
International Energy Outlook 1997
.
b
Gross Domestic Product in constant 1987 U.S. dollars.
c
NA, not applicable.
(or cooling) systems apparently are less efficient or in other ways more wasteful of energy than in
Canada, United States, western Europe, and Japan.
2.3
GLOBAL ENERGY SOURCES
The primary energy sources supplying the world's energy consumption in 1997 were petroleum
(39%), coal (25%), natural gas (21.5%), nuclear-electric (6.3%), hydroelectric (7.5%), and
geothermal and other renewables (0.7%) (see Figure 2.2).
2
,
3
The trend of the growth of energy
sources from 1970 to 1997 and the prediction to 2020 is given in Figure 2.3. The projection for
the next two decades is that nuclear's share will decline and the share of renewables will increase,
2
Primary energy is energy produced from energy resources such as fossil or nuclear fuels, or renewable
energy. It is distinguished from secondary energy, such as electric power or synthetic fuel, which is derived
from primary energy sources.
3
In converting nuclear and renewable (e.g., hydro) energy to primary energy in Quads, the U.S. Energy
Information Agency (EIA) uses the thermal energy that would be used in an equivalent steam power plant
with a thermal efficiency of about 31 %.
