Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 8.2
2000 Model year Passenger Vehicle Characteristics (SI Engines)
Manufacturer
Honda
Acura
Volvo
Honda
Mercedes
S40
a
Model
Civic
Integra
Accord
E320
Size
Subcompact
Subcompact
Compact
Midsize
Midsize
Displacement (L)
1.6
1.8
1.9
2.3
3.2
Number of cylinders
4
4
4
4
6
Maximum power (kW)
94.7
126.8
119.3
111.9
165
Maximum bmep (bar)
11.4
12.1
15.2
11.3
12.4
Vehicle mass (t)
1.14
1.23
1.36
1.37
1.57
Frontal area (m
2
)
1.89
1.87
1.94
2.06
2.07
Power/displacement (kW/L)
59.2
70.4
62.8
48.7
51.6
Power/mass (kW/t)
83.0
103.1
88.0
81.7
105.1
Urban/highway fuel efficiency (km/L)
12.8/14.9
10.6/13.2
8.9/11.9
9.8/12.8
8.9/12.8
Manufacturer
Chrysler Mercedes
Honda
Honda
Ford
Lexus
Ford
Model
LHS
S340
Odyssey
Passport
Explorer
LX470
F-150
Size
Large
Large
Minivan
SUV
SUV
SUV
Pickup
Displacement (L)
3.5
4.27
3.5
3.2
4
4.7
5.4
Number of cylinders
6
8
6
6
6
8
8
Maximum power (kW)
188.7
205
156.7
153
119.4
171.6
201.3
Maximum bmep (bar)
12.4
11.8
11.1
11.4
9.6
11.6
Vehicle mass (t)
1.61
1.88
1.93
1.75
2.04
2.45
2.36
Frontal area (m
2
)
2.15
2.68
2.74
2.12
2.2
2.87
2.87
Power/displacement (kW/L)
53.9
48.0
44.8
47.8
29.8
36.5
37.3
Power/mass (kW/t)
117.0
109.0
81.2
87.4
58.5
70.0
85.3
Urban/highway fuel efficiency (km/L)
7.7/11.5
7.2/10.2
7.7/10.6
6.1/8.9
7.0/10.5
5.5/6.8
4.3/9.4
a
Turbocharged.
CI engines, it is lower, about 0.20 kg/kWh.
9
An alternative measure of engine performance is the
thermal efficiency
η
e
, the ratio of engine mechanical work to the heating value of the fuel mass
consumed to produce that work. In terms of the lower heating value (
LHV
) per unit mass of fuel,
these fuel economy measures are related by
.
3
6
η
e
≡
(8.8)
(
bsfc
)(
kg
/
kWh
)
×
LHV
(
MJ
/
kg
)
The lower heating values of vehicle fuels, per unit mass or volume, are empirically related to the
fuel specific gravity
SG
by
LHV
={
28
+
11
.
2
/(
SG
)
}
MJ
/
kg
(8.9)
LHV
={
11
.
2
+
28
(
SG
)
}
MJ
/
L
9
The bsfc is sometimes given in units of pounds (mass) per brake horsepower hour, where one pound (mass)
per brake horsepower hour equals 1.644 kg/kWh.