Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 3.5
Squatter settlement in South Africa
Changes in a physical setting over time can also be revealing. For example,
an increase in the number of burned-out and empty buildings on a block
indicates a decaying neighborhood. Conversely, an increase in the number of
remodeled and revitalized houses may be indicative of gentrification, in which
wealthy investors take over the neighborhood. A classroom with current and
complex projects prominently displayed on the walls suggests classroom activ-
ity and learning. Academic and athletic trophies are measures of performance
in these areas and tokens of school pride. The fieldworker must assess this
abundant information with care but should not ignore it or take it for granted.
Written and Electronic Information
In literate societies, written documents are one of the most valuable and
time-saving forms of data collection. In studies of office life, I have found past
reports, memoranda, and personnel and payroll records to be invaluable.
Mission statements and annual reports provide the organization's purpose or
stated purpose and indicate the image that the organization wishes to present
to the outside world. Internal evaluation reports indicate areas of concern.
Budgets tell a great deal about organizational values. Electronic communica-
tions and databases not only teach the researcher about the current status
of an organization but also allow the computer-literate ethnographer to play
