Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
+
C
29
Prunus laurocerasus
a
After extraction
m/z
83+85
+
+
+
-
+
C
16S
FA
+
-
P
v
-
C
20
+
-
+
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
-
P
-
-
Ps
C
18S
FA
Ps
G
X
P1
C
16U
FA
C
16S
FA
I
G
X
X
C
1
I
P2
Ps
S
X
St
X
C
20
X
S
S
X
G
X
X
X
X
X
X
Retention time
b
After base hydrolysis
m/z
83+85
G
P2
P1
G
G
Ps
P
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Ps
X
X
C
1
I
B
2
Ps
G
Ps
Ps
S
G
S
S
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Retention time
Fig. 2.3
Partial ion chromatogram showing the pyrolysis-GC/MS analysis of modern
Prunus lau-
rocerasus
leaf (
a
) after lipid extraction (Residue 1); and (
b
) lipid extraction and saponifi cation
(Residue 2). G: guaiacyl units and S: syringyl units of lignin; B
2
: dimethylbenzene; C
16S
FA: C
16
saturated fatty acid, and C
18S
FA: C
18
unsaturated fatty acid; + refers to
n
-alkanes and − to
n
-alk-1-
enes. Other legends same as in Fig.
2.2
are lacking in the pyrolysate of Residue 2. Thus, while they contain
n
-alkyl
components, those components do not survive base hydrolysis (saponifi cation).
This is illustrated by the analyses of
Acer campestre
, a fl owering plant (Fig.
2.4
).
The pyrolysate of Residue 1 of
Acer
is dominated by moieties derived from lignin,
polysaccharides, proteins and cutin (Fig.
2.4a
). The major lignin moieties are related
to guaiacyl and syringyl components (see Ralph and Hatfi eld
1991
). A homologous
series of
n
-alkanes and
n
-alk-1-enes is present, but at lower relative abundances than
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