Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
a
b
c
d
e
f
Figure 1.20.
The Volterra process.
A
1
L
(a)
A
2
A
1
L
(b)
L
(d)
A
2
L
(c)
L
(e)
Figure 1.21.
The Volterra process generating
±
1
/
2 disclinations (c and e).
Figure 1.21(a), and rotate the two opposite slips of the cut A1 and A2
by
π
.
π
is a symmetry element. Insert a new sample piece of liquid crystals
and arrange their director to fit the directors on the A1 and A2 slips, as
shown Figure 1.21(b). The liquid crystals then relax themselves to the con-
figuration shown in Figure 1.21(c). A disclination with the strength of
−
1
/
2
