Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
(a)
(b)
-Anode
+Cathode
Euent
Euent
e
-
e
-
Na
+
Cl
-
Influent
Influent
Biofilm
AEM
CEM
FIGURE 27.15
(a) Basic schematic representing a three-chamber cell design for coupling a microbial fuel cell with a water
desalination system. (b) Microbial desalination cell prototype. (From Cao, X., X. Huang, P. Liang, K. Xiao, Y.
Zhou, and B.E. Logan,
Environmental Science Technology
, 43, 7148, 2009.)
U
I
(a)
(b)
Gate
metal
Source
reservoir
Drain
reservoir
KCl +
HCOOH
NaOH
SiO
2
insulation layer
Si
Source
electrode
Drain
electrode
z
(
T
= 115) (µm)
∆<
v
>
(nm/τ)
Gates
~35 nm
10
z
0
= 12.015 µm
200
Nanochannels
Microchannels
6
z
0
= -15 nm
100
2
r
0
/nm
100
200
FIGURE 27.16
(a) Schematic and SEM image shows the development of a device being used as a luidic transistor allowing
electrostatic control of ions. (From Karnik, R., R. Fan, M. Yue, D. Li, P. Yang, and A. Majumdar,
Nano Letters
,
5, 943, 2005.) (b) Schematic depicts formation of a conical nanopore by electrochemical etching at potential
U
with current
I
leading to data that show pumping of the potassium ions against a concentration gradient as a
function of pore diameter on the narrow side of the conical nanopore. (From Siwy, Z. and A. Fulinski,
Physical
Review Letters
, 89, 19803-1, 2002.)
