Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
(a)
(b)
Pa 1 = 15.26 µm
Pa 2 = 13.88 µm
2 µm
Mag = 5.00 K X
WD = 4 mm
EHT = 10.00 kV
Signal A = InLens
Date: 28 Apr 2010
Time: 15:44:45
2 µm
Mag = 5.00 K X
Signal A = InLens
WD = 4 mm
EHT = 10.00 kV Gun vacuum = 3.52e-009 mBar
(c)
(d)
200 nm
100 nm
Mag = 150.00 K X
Signal A = InLens
WD = 3 mm
EHT = 10.00 kV Gun vacuum = 3.51e-009 mBar
Mag = 400.00 K X
Signal A = InLens
WD = 5 mm
EHT = 12.00 kV Gun vacuum = 2.39e-009 mBar
(e)
(f)
D
2
Pa 2 = 33.63 nm
Pb 2 = 37.9 °C
D
1
Pa 1= 36.79 nm
Pb 1 = 8.7 °C
Pa 3= 35.39 nm
Pb 3 = 360 °C
D
3
100 nm
Mag = 100.00 K X
Signal A = InLens
WD = 3 mm
EHT = 10.00 kV
200 nm
Mag = 100.00 K X
Signal A = InLens
WD = 2 mm
EHT = 10.00 kV Gun vacuum = 3.53e-009 mBar
Gun vacuum = 3.64e-009 mBar
FIGURE 36.3
SEM images of ACF (a) as-received, (b) impregnated with nickel nitrate, (c) post Ni reduction, (d and e) CNF
grown on ACF, and (f) after ultrasonication. (From A. Gupta et al.,
I&EC Res
., 48, 9697, 2009.)
is between 10 and 20 nm. After the growth of the CNFs, the samples are sonicated. The
purpose of sonication is to remove the iron particles from the tips of the grown CNFs so
that the interior surface is available for adsorption. Figure 36.5b shows an SEM image of
the CNFs after sonication. As shown, there are fewer iron particles at the tips of the ibers.
The surface morphology of the CNFs is altered after adsorption. Figure 36.5c presents
an SEM image of the adsorbent (CNFs) after treating arsenic-laden wastewater. The EDX
analysis shown in Figure 36.5d conirmed the presence of arsenic and Fe on the prepared
adsorbents.
