Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 28.3
Volume of Reclaimed Water Used by Number of Power
Generation Facilities
Volume of Reclaimed Water
Used (MGD)
No. of Facilities
<0.1
6
0.1-0.5
10
0.51-1
12
1.01-5
15
5.01-10
6
>10
5
Source:
Veil, J.A.,
Use of Reclaimed Water for Power Plant Cooling
.
Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science
Division, 2007.
TABLE 28.4
Use of Reclaimed Water by Decade and Number of
Power Generation Facilities
Decade Use of Reclaimed Water Began No. of Facilities
1960-1969 2
1970-1979 3
1980-1989 8
1990-1999 18
After 2000 19
Source:
Veil, J.A.,
Use of Reclaimed Water for Power Plant
Cooling
. Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental
Science Division, 2007.
largely dominated by membrane removal of salts, which inherently presents a nanotech-
nology use in water puriication [22], and may present use for advanced technologies like
humidiication-dehumidiication cycles combined with membrane desalination for power
plant cooling water [22].
28.3 Water Use for Fuel Production
Water has been an essential commodity in fuel production for a long time. For example,
conventional oil production for transportation needs requires approximately 1.5 gal of
water for reining every gallon of fuel produced; processing of natural gas is, by compari-
son, more water intensive, with the requirement for water use at approximately 4 gal of
water per gallon of natural gas. However, with diversifying fuel sources and availability
of new technologies for fuel production, a closer look is needed at water use for this essen-
tial source of energy. Table 28.5 summarizes the main methods of fuel production and
the approximate use of water for each method of fuel production. It should be noted that
each method also generates wastewater, which needs treatment requiring consumption of
energy and materials.
