Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
24.7.2 SolarBag
The SolarBag uses sunlight directly to activate the photochemical water puriication pro-
cesses for applications in military, disaster relief, and developing world drinking water,
and for recreation and emergency preparedness. The SolarBag produces 3 liters at a time
in 2-3 h of sunlight or 4-6 h on a cloudy day. It can be used up to 500× without any
maintenance.
24.8 Test Results
The product technology has been tested in challenge water to exceed the
US EPA Guide
Standard and Protocol for Evaluation of Microbiological Water Puriiers
[16]. Speciic tests on
representative contaminants were conducted using appropriate test methods at third-
party test laboratories with results as shown in Figure 24.6 below.
The ive photochemical processes synergistically combine to reduce or eliminate a range
of contaminants as shown in Figure 24.7. More than 800 contaminants have been researched
and shown to be reduced by one or more of the photochemical processes. Note that several
contaminants have been reported to be reduced by two or more of these processes.
Compound Feed
(ppm)
Contaminant
Product (ppm)
% Reduced
Log Reduction
Raoultella terrigena
10
6
CFU/L
ND
99.9999%
>6
Poliovirus type 1
10
6
PFU/L
ND
99.9999%
>6
Cryptosporidium parvum
oocysts
2 × 10
8
PFU/L
99.99%
>4.1
Simian Rotavirus
10
6
PFU/L
ND
99.9999%
>6
Malathion
0.0089
<0.00006
>99%
>2.17
Pyriproxyfen
0.0071
<0.00006
>99%
>2.17
Prometon
0.0089
<0.00006
>99%
>2.07
Carbon tetrachloride
3.317
2.293
30.9%
0.160
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
2.842
0.979
65.5%
0.463
Methyl
tert
-butyl ether
2.000
0.014
99.3%
2.150
Nitrobenzene
2.626
0.025
99.0%
2.018
Trichloroethylene
2.555
0.002
99.9%
3.133
Toluene
1.694
0.001
99.9%
3.201
Cafeine
3.883
0.513
86.8%
0.879
Arsenic
0.535
0.002
99.6%
2.40
Lead
0.535
0.002
99.6%
2.40
Mercury
0.393
0.0014
99.6%
2.45
Selenium
0.617
0.028
95.5%
1.35
FIGURE 24.6
Shield system removal performance on representative contaminants as tested by Oregon Health Sciences
University, Paciic Agricultural Labs, University of Arizona, and Test America.
