Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
concentrations are frequently encountered in deep groundwater [39]. In Korea, many inci-
dence of dental luorosis have been reported in children who drink water with high luoride
concentrations over a long period [40]. Carrillo-Rivera et al. [41] reported that a signiicant
amount of luoride is found in the groundwater of San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Studies have
shown that the problem of high luoride content in groundwater is very acute in mainland
Tanzania [42]. Agrawal [43] reported that in Sri Lanka, luoride has a strong geographi-
cal control linked to climatic conditions, with high luoride waters being restricted to the
dry zone on the eastern side of the island. In some parts, wells have luoride concentra-
tions of >10 mg/L. Analysis of many groundwater samples collected from different parts
of Ethiopia have shown excess luoride than the guideline concentration recommended
by the World Health Organization [44]. Many other cases of endemic luorosis have been
reported from various parts of the world, and many new cases are likely to be discovered
in the future. The range of luoride concentrations reported in groundwaters of develop-
ing and developed countries around the globe is shown in Figure 19.1. It is to be noted that
Min. conc. of fluoride in groundwater (mg/L)
Max. conc. of fluoride in groundwater (mg/L)
America
Canada
Germany
Israel
Japan
Norway outh Korea
Spain
FIGURE 19.1
Range of concentrations of luoride reported in groundwater samples around the globe. (From A.K. Susheela,
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