Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
11
Nano-Photocatalytic Materials for
Environm
ental Applications
Hui Zhang and Liang-Hong Guo
Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences (RCEES),
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
CONTENTS
11.1 Basic Principles of Photocatalysis .................................................................................... 194
11.1.1 Processes of Semiconductor Photocatalysis ....................................................... 194
11.1.2 Charge Transfer at Semiconductor Nanomaterial Interface ............................ 195
11.1.3 Reactive Oxygen Species Generated in Photocatalytic Reactions .................. 196
11.1.4 Nanomaterial Design for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity .......................... 196
11.2 Electronic Band Structure Modiication for Sunlight Harvesting .............................. 197
11.2.1 Single Semiconductor Photocatalysts ................................................................. 197
11.2.2 Energy Band Engineering .................................................................................... 198
11.2.2.1 Metal Doping ........................................................................................... 199
11.2.2.2 Nonmetal Doping ................................................................................... 200
11.2.2.3 Self-Doping .............................................................................................. 201
11.2.2.4 Continuously Tuning Band Structure through Solid Solutions ....... 202
11.3 Heterogeneous Systems for Enhanced Charge Separation ......................................... 203
11.3.1 Metal@Semiconductor Schottky Junction .......................................................... 203
11.3.2 Semiconductor/Semiconductor Heterojunction ................................................ 204
11.3.3 Sensitization ........................................................................................................... 205
11.3.4 Z-Scheme Photocatalytic System ......................................................................... 206
11.3.5 Cocatalyst Modiication ........................................................................................ 207
11.3.6 Plasmon-Exciton Coupling .................................................................................. 208
11.4 Crystal Facet Engineering for High Photocatalytic Reactivity ................................... 210
11.4.1 Crystal Facet Engineering .................................................................................... 210
11.4.2 Photoreactivity on Different Facets ..................................................................... 211
11.4.2.1 Dissociative Adsorption on Crystal Facets ......................................... 211
11.4.2.2 Reactivity on Crystal Facets .................................................................. 212
11.5 Conclusions and Perspectives .......................................................................................... 213
References ..................................................................................................................................... 214
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