Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 4.3
Reactivity of Bimetallic Iron Nanoparticles
Rate Constants
Loading
(%)
Particle
Size (nm)
Target
Compounds
k
SA
(L h
−1
m
−2
)
BET
(m
2
g
−1
)
Bimetallic
k
obs
(h
−1
)
References
Ni/Fe
15.6
3-30
TCE
13.7
(9.8 ± 0.7)
× 10
−2
59
Schrick et al.
(2002)
Ni/Fe
20
<10 nm
CT
9.03
9.22 × 10
−2
39.2
Feng and Lim
(2005)
CF
0.461
4.71 × 10
−3
22-27
Ni/Fe
20
20-40
TCE
-
3.7 × 10
−2
Tee et al.
(2005)
Cu/Fe
82%
~50 μm
1,1,1-TCA
0.744 ±
0.04
-
Bransield et
al. (2006)
Pd/Fe in
silica
0.1-1.0
<100 nm
1,2,4-TCB
0.4-1.86
117
Zhu et al.
(2006)
Ni/Fe
10%
30 nm
PCP
2.44
-
20.9
Zhang et al.
(2006)
Cu/Al
10%
-
CT
0.58
5.5 × 10
−3
5.31
Lien and
Zhang (2002)
Cu/Al
10%
-
CT
0.32
3.1 × 10
−3
5.31
Lien and
Zhang (2002)
Ru/Fe
1.5%
Micro
TCE
-
1.66
Lin et al.
(2004)
2.4 ±
0.17
Ag/Mg
0.71%
PCP
Patel and
Suresh (2006)
Pd/Fe in
PVDF
1.9-2.3%
30 ± 5.7
Dichlorophenyl
1.36
6.68 × 10
−2
25
Xu and
Bhattacharyya
(2007)
Fe/Ni on
Al
2
O3
Fe: 10%,
Ni: 90%
40
TCE
2.82
2.7 × 10
−2
20.9
Hsieh and
Horng (2006)
Fe/Ni on
Al
2
O3
Fe: 10%,
Ni: 90%
40
CF
0.99
9.5 × 10
−3
20.9
Hsieh and
Horng (2006)
NO
3
−
Cu/Fe
0.5-20
20-70
0.822
1.27 × 10
−1
16.67
Liou et al.
(2005)
Ni/Fe
50
<100
As(V)
5.4
0.504
42.44
Jegadeesan et
al. (2005)
Pd/Fe
10
10-20
As(V)
0.66
0.0616
42.44
Jegadeesan et
al. (2005)
[47,55,57,84]. The bimetallic nZVI system can be prepared by the use of commercialized
or self-synthesized nanoscale reductive metals as the reductant or adsorbent, while the
catalytic metal ion serves as the precursor and adsorbate. The catalytic metal ion will then
be reduced into ZVM by the addition of a reducing agent such as NaBH
4
or by the electro-
chemical reduction from the reductive metal. The structure of the chemically fabricated
bimetallic materials prepared using this method is likely to be a core-shell structure in
which the reductive metal acts as a core while the catalytic metal serves as a shell [29]. In
addition, both the reductive and catalytic metal ions can be added in a solution and then be
reduced by reducing agent simultaneously. Alloy structure is easily found in the method.
Since the dechlorination process by ZVI is a surface-mediated process, the reduction
