Compression - 3DTV: Processing and Transmission of 3D Video Signals - page 67

Having outlined the basic highlights of the algorithms of modern video
compression suits, the following section will give an insight into the well-
known international video coding standards, in particular the MPEG-4 Part
10/H.264 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard of ISO and ITU. Note
that in the section that describes the 3D video coding techniques, recent and
emerging standardization efforts will be outlined.

3.2 Overview of Traditional Video Coding Standards

The first attempts at video coding systems date back to the 1960s when an
analogue video phone system was designed. Organized groups of experts
focused on video coding, thus the International Telecommunication Union
(ITU-T) and the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) had made attempts
at standardization in the late 1980s. Figure 3.1 illustrates the development of
video coding standards starting from 1984.
H.261 (standardized in 1990), MPEG-1 Video (standardized in 1993),
MPEG-2 Video (standardized in 1994), H.263 (standardized in 1997), MPEG-4
Visual (or Part 2) (standardised in 1998) and MPEG-4 Part 10/H.264
Advanced Video Coding (AVC) (standardised in 2004) are the existing cod-
ing standards used in multi-media applications, varying from low bit-rate
communication to video telephony, from terrestrial broadcasting services to
consumer video storage systems. Most of these coding standards rely on
block-based transform coding and hybrid coding techniques making use of
motion-compensated prediction.
The H.261 standard uses a combination of inter-frame Differential
Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). It
originally was intended to encode video sequences at 384 kbps, whereas
later this was extended to operate at other bit-rates (multiples of 64
kbps). Coding technologies for video storage, such as CD-ROMs, were

H.263,
H.263

ITU
standards

H.261

+ ,

H.263 ++

MPEG-
2/
H.262

HEVC-
MVC
RExt

ITU/MPEG joint
standards

AVC MVC HEVC

MPEG
standards

MPEG-1 MPEG-4

JPEG
2000

JPEG
XR

JPEG
standards

JPEG

1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s

Figure 3.1 Development of video coding standards