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Fig. 4.1
Three Traveling Salesman tours in German cities: the 45-city Alten Commis-Voyageur
tour (
green
), the Groetschel's 120-city tour (
blue
), and by far the latest 15,112-city tour (
red
)
(Courtesy of
http://www.math.princeton.edu/
)
survey knowledge acquired from a map tends to be orientation-specific. In contrast,
prolonged exposure to navigating an environment directly is more likely to result in
survey knowledge that is orientation-independent. The virtual reality-based visual
navigation therefore is likely to increase the opportunities for users to get familiar
with the underlying information structure.
Darken and Sibert (
1996
) found in their study that users were often disoriented
in virtual worlds without any landmarks, paths or cues. Simply adding cues like
borders, boundaries and gridlines significantly improved navigation performance.
An organizational metaphor, with landmarks and navigational cues, was of utmost
importance in successfully navigating these virtual worlds.
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