Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
i
) Oxidized tannins of the types III and IV are frequently found in the
Rosidae
, while they are found only in a small number of plant species
belonging to the
Dileniidae
and
Hamamelidae
. These oxidized tannins
are not found in the
Caryophyllidae
and
Magnolidae
, the earliest
subclasses of the
Dicotyledonae
.
ii
) Correlations within a subclass are as follows. Rosales, the earliest
order in the
Rosidae
, mostly produce type-I and type-II ellagitannins.
The oxidative transformations to types III and IV progress according to
the evolution of the orders,
i.e.
, Rosales → Sapindales → Geraniales,
without being accompanied by any production of oligomers, and Rosales
→ Euphorbiales, being accompanied by production of oligomers. The
oxidative transformations in the
Dilleniidae
seem to progress from
Dilleniales (type I) to Theales (types I, II and IV+) (Okuda
et al
., 2000).
Euphorbiales
Plantaginales
Scrophulariales
Geraniales
Rhamnales
Asterales
Rafflesiales
Lamiales
Polemoniales
Dipsacales
Campanulales
Celastrales
Santales
Cornales
Linales
Rubiales
Umbellales
Proteales
Gentianales
Polygalales
Myrtales
Haloragales
Sapindales
ASTERIDAE
Podostemales
Salicales
Ericales
Rosales
ROSIDAE
Violales
Diapensiales
Capparales
Sarraceniales
Lecythidales
Malvales
Polygonales
Plumbaginales
Ebenales
Juglandales
Myricales
Fagales
Casuarinales
Batidales
Caryophyllales
CARYOPHYLLIDAE
Primulales
Leitneriales
Urticales
Eucomiales
Theales
Dilleniales
Hamamelidales
Trochodentrales
HAMAMELIDAE
DILLENIIDAE
Nymphaeales
Aristolochiales
Piperales
Papaverales
Ranunculales
Magnoliales
MAGNOLIDAE
Fig. 1.9
Cronquist's plant evolution system of
Dicotyledonae
―
: evolutionary route of
ellagitannin-producing plants.
F
: orders to which ellagitannin-producing plants belong.
Analogous considerations may be made for the formation of C-O
and C-C bonds (see Chapter 2) during oligomerization of ellagitannins,
as well as during their macrocyclization, which requires formation of an
additional bond:
