Database Reference
In-Depth Information
4. Cost of Data Conversion —
When a computer file-based system is replaced with a
database system, the data stored into data file must be converted to database file. It is very
difficult and costly method to convert data of data files into database. You have to hire data-
base and system designers along with application programmers. Alternatively, you have to
take the services of some software house. So a lot of money has to be paid for developing
software
5. Cost of Staff Trailing —
Most DBMSs are often complex systems so the training for
users to use the DBMS is required. Training is required at all levels, including program-
ming, application development, and database administration. The organization has to be
paid a lot of amount for the training of staff to run the DBMS.
6. Database Damage —
In most of the organizations, all data is integrated into a single
database. If database is damaged due to electric failure or database is corrupted on the stor-
age media, then valuable data may be lost forever.
1.4 CLASSIFICATION OF DBMS USERS
People may be direct or indirect DBMS user. They operate in various roles requiring vari-
ous levels of training. They can access and retrieve data as per requirement from databases.
Following is the list of few Databases users:
Database Administrator (DBA)
Database Designers
End Users
Application Programmers
1.4.1 Database Administrator (DBA)
The DBA is a person or a group of persons who is responsible for the supervision of the
database. In any organization DBA plays a very crucial role. The DBA is responsible for
giving permission to the users to access the database by grant and revoke privileges. He is
also responsible for coordinating and monitoring its use, managing backups and repairing
damage due to hardware and/or software failures and for acquiring hardware and software
resources as needed. In case of small organization the role of DBA is performed by a single
person and in case of large organizations there is a group of DBA's who share responsibil-
ities.
