Water scarcity and abundance, water productivity and their relation to poverty - Water Scarcity, Livelihoods and Food Security - page 37

general enough that lack of detailed data is not a problem. In the future, better
data may be available from remote sensing, such as the Tropical Rainfall
Measuring Mission. Socio-economic data will always depend on data from the
countries concerned.

Acknowledgments
We acknowledge helpful comments from Tilahun Amede, Kim Geheb, Nancy
Johnson, Eric Kemp-Benedict, Ilse Pukinskis, Marcela Quintero and two
anonymous reviewers.

Notes
1 “Blue water” is the precipitation that enters lakes, rivers and groundwater. It is the

main source of water used for industry, domestic purposes and irrigation. Only
30-35 percent of precipitation becomes blue water. “Green water” is the
precipitation that enters the soil, is taken up by plants and transpired back to the
atmosphere. Rainfed agriculture depends on green water, which is about 65 percent
of all precipitation. For further explanation, see wmc.landfood.ubc.ca/webapp/
VWM/course/global-water-challenges/green-and-blue-water-cycle (accessed 9
April 2014).

2 There were the nine CPWF benchmark basins, Andes, Indus-Ganges, Karkheh,

Limpopo, Mekong, Nile, São Francisco, Volta and Yellow.

3 The ten were the nine CPWF benchmark basins plus the Niger.

4 At times we refer to specific projects. In this case, PN10 means “Project Number

10” from Phase 1 (see the Appendix for a complete list of projects).

5 Arsenic contamination of groundwater is a serious problem in many areas of

Bangladesh. Groundwater use is uncommon in the polder study areas and
groundwater irrigation is not part of the set of innovations introduced because of salt
intrusion in groundwater as well as the possibility of arsenic contamination.

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