Environmental Engineering Reference
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best way of using water for productive self-employment that . . . includes the
poor and women” (van Koppen et al., 2009b).
In the central Nile Basin, modifying livestock and range management
strategies can have large consequences for the whole region. Project PN37
developed an analytical tool that assesses the consequences of change on gender.
The tool features the following steps (Van Hoeve and van Koppen, 2005):
1
Analyze the role of each animal in the livestock production system to
determine which animals are most valuable for men and for women.
2
Predict what the expected impacts on the gendered costs and benefits will
be when a specific technology is introduced in a water scarce area.
3
Use as a tool at different levels (community, development agent, researchers)
for communities to analyze the importance and role of livestock in their
lives, as it relates to water, to stimulate mutual understanding about the
importance and limitations of livestock rearing.
In the same region, innovative strategies for range management—for example,
fencing off areas to allow pasture to regenerate—improved incomes for some
families. But poor women who rely on pasture commons for their livelihoods,
were worse off (Nile 2) (Cullen, 2013).
Based on a scan of CPWF projects, Figure 5.2 summarizes projects empha-
sizing different categories of consequences.
Categories of technologies studied by the CPWF
The CPWF funded 120 projects over ten years in its two phases. Projects ranged
in duration from 1 to 4 years, with budgets varying from US$18,000 to
Number of projects
Crop or enterprise yields
Gender and equity
Incomes, poverty and food security
Water allocation access
Economic returns and profitability
Ecosystem services and environment
Risk
Conflict management
Sustainability and resilience
Human health
0
5
10
15
20
25
Figure 5.2
Number of projects that emphasized monitoring selected categories of
consequences.
Source: Authors.
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