Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
(a)
(b)
(c)
20
μ
m
20
μ
m
(d)
(e)
100
μ
m
100
μ
m
(f)
(g)
Eletrospinning jet
250
m
Collector
μ
(h)
250
μ
m
Figure 9.8
Scaffold of electrospun
nanofibers for tendon-to-bone insertion site
repair. (a) Schematic for generating a scaf-
fold with a gradient in mineral coating. (b,c)
SEM images taken from two regions of the
scaffold (b) low and (c) high in mineraliza-
tion. (d,e) Fluorescence micrographs show-
ing MC3T3 preosteoblast attached to the
two regions (d) low and (e) high in min-
eralization. (f) Schematic for fabricating a
scaffold with aligned-to-random transition
for the nanofibers. (g) SEM image showing
the boundary between aligned and random
fibers. (h) Fluorescence micrograph showing
morphologies of tendon fibroblasts seeded
on the aligned and random sides of the scaf-
fold. Reproduced with permission: (a-e)
from Ref. [110b], copyright 2009 American
Chemical Society; and (f-h) from Ref. [112a],
copyright 2010 RSC Publishing.
[112c,d]. The technique involved the use of a twin screw extruder with fully
intermeshing and rotating screws integrated with a multichannel spinneret, which
was connected to a high-voltage power supply. Injection ports on the side surface
of the barrel enabled the introduction of
β
-TCP continuously. The screws were
rotated to allow for mixing. The feeding rate for the
β
-TCP solution was gradually
increased over time. The resultant scaffold had a gradient in
β
-TCP concentration
along the thickness direction. The graded scaffold was then seeded and cultured
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