Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
(a)
(b)
1
Gold
6
2
5
3
Quartz
4
20
μ
m
(c)
(d)
10
μ
m
20
μ
m
(e)
(f)
Figure 9.4
Scaffolds of electrospun
nanofibers with complex structures or ar-
chitectures. (a) A multi-electrode collector
where different pairs of electrodes were
grounded sequentially (e.g., 1/4, 2/5, and
then 3/6) to produce a multi-layered scaf-
fold. (b) SEM image of a tri-layered scaffold
with the nanofibers in each layer rotated by
120
◦
. (c) Encapsulation of cells in between
nonwoven mats of nanofibers by alternating
depositions of fibers and cells. (d) Fluo-
rescence micrograph showing a construct
composed of alternating layers of fibers and
cells, where the fibers were labeled with fluo-
rescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to give a green
color and the nuclei of cells were stained
with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) for
a blue color. (e, f) Tubular conduits fabri-
cated from non-woven mats of nanofibers.
Reproduced with permission: (b) from Ref.
[76], copyright 2004 Wiley-VCH; (d) from
Ref. [81], copyright 2009 Mary Ann Liebert;
and (e, f) from Ref. [82], copyright 2010 RSC
Publishing.
(Figure 9.4e) [84]. In this case, nanofibers were deposited on collectors with
different designs or structures. Upon removal of the collectors, nanofiber conduits
with desired configurations were obtained. Alternatively, a tubular conduit can also
be fabricated by simply rolling up a nonwoven mat of electrospun nanofibers and
securing the edges through the use of solvent, glue, or heating. This technique
allows one to use multiple, different layers, for example, a mesh of aligned fibers in
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