Glossary - Fundamentals of Chemistry - page 671

equation (8.1) A written representation of a chemical reac-
tion, using formulas for the reactants and products and
coefficients to indicate the mole ratios involved.
equilibrium (18.2) The situation in which the reactants and
the products are producing each other at the same rate .
equilibrium constant (18.4) A constant that tells how far a
reaction will proceed until it reaches equilibrium.
equilibrium constant expression (18.4) The ratio of the
product of the concentrations of the products divided by
the product of the concentrations of the reactants, each
raised to the power corresponding to its coefficient in the
balanced equation: for

faraday (17.5) The charge on 1 mol of electrons.
fat (20.5) A compound formed by the reaction of glycerine
with long-chain fatty acids.
feeble acid (19.1) An acid that has no tendency to react with
water; the conjugate of a strong base.
feeble base (19.1) A base that has no tendency to react with
water; the conjugate of a strong acid.
fluidity (14.1) The characteristic of a gas or liquid that al-
lows it to flow.
force (12.1) A push or a pull.
formaldehyde (20.3) Methanal, HCHO.
formula (1.4, 5.1) A combination of symbols and subscripts
that identifies the composition of an element, com-
pound, or ion.
formula mass (7.1) The relative mass of one formula unit
compared to the mass of a

a A b B E c C d D,

[C] c [D] d
[A] a [B] b

K

12 C

atom, which is defined as

Erlenmeyer flask (11.3) A flask designed to allow swirling
of the liquid contents without spillage.
ester (20.3) An organic compound with the
functional group.
ether (20.3) An organic compound with the

exactly 12 amu.
formula unit (5.1) The collection of atoms described by a
chemical formula—an atom of an uncombined element,
a molecule of a molecular compound, or the set of ions
in the formula of an ionic compound.
formula weight (7.1) Formula mass.
forward reaction (18.2) A reaction that goes as the equation
is written.
freezing (14.2) Changing from a liquid to a solid.
freezing-point depression (15.6) A lowering of the freezing
point of a solvent due to the presence of a solute.
frequency (4.1) The number of times a wave passes a cer-
tain point per second.
functional group (20.3) The characteristic group of atoms
attached to a radical that gives a class of organic com-
pounds its characteristic properties.
fusion (14.2) Melting, or changing from a solid to a liquid as
a result of heating; see also nuclear fusion .

¬ COO ¬ R

¬ O ¬ func-

tional group.
ethylene (20.1) Ethene,
evaporation (14.2) A change of phase from liquid to
gaseous.
event (21.1) A nuclear reaction involving one nucleus.
excess (10.4) The quantity of a reactant that exceeds that
which can react with the limiting quantity of another
reactant.
excited state (4.3) The state of an atom that has more energy
than its lowest energy state. Electrons in higher than
normal energy positions are the cause in the discussions
in this text.
exothermic process (14.3) A process in which energy is
transferred to the surroundings.
exponent (2.2) The number of times the base is multiplied
by the coefficient; for example, in the 1.5 is
multiplied by 10 three times, where 3 is the exponent.
exponential notation (2.2) The format for writing large or
small numbers that consists of the coefficient times a
base raised to a power; for example,
exponential part (2.2) The base raised to a power in an ex-
ponential number.
extensive property (1.2) A characteristic that depends on
the quantity of the sample.

H 2 C “ CH 2 .

10 3 , 1.5

galvanic cell (17.1) A voltaic cell.
gamma particle (21.1) A particle (photon) of high-energy
electromagnetic radiation (light) emitted from a nucleus
in a nuclear reaction; a stream of such particles is often
referred to as a gamma ray.
gas (12.1) A state of matter; a sample of matter that has its
volume and shape determined by the volume and shape
of its container.
Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes (12.9) At equal
temperatures and equal pressures, the volumes of gases
involved in a chemical reaction are directly propor-
tional to their coefficients in the balanced chemical
equation.
Geiger

10 3 .

1.5

factor label method (2.1) A system that involves the use of
units to indicate the proper arithmetic operation to per-
form; also called dimensional analysis.
Fahrenheit scale (2.6) A temperature scale in common use
in the United States on which the freezing point of wa-
ter is defined as

counter (21.1) An instrument for measuring

radioactivity.
glycerine (20.5) a trialcohol.
gram (2.3) The primary unit of mass in the metric sys-
tem; one thousandth of the SI standard mass: the
kilogram.

32°F and the normal boiling point of CH 2 OHCHOHCH 2 OH,

water is defined as
family (1.5) In the periodic table, a column that includes ele-
ments with similar chemical properties; a periodic group.

212°F.