Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Answers to Selected
End-of-Chapter
Problems
Appendix 5
1.28 (a)
Element
(b)
Compound (a combination with its own set of properties)
(c)
Mixture (solution)
1.30 (a)
Heterogeneous
1 Basic Concepts
1.1
Organic chemistry
1.2
No. All chemists use all of the branches of chemistry in their
work.
(b)
Heterogeneous
(c)
Homogeneous
(d)
Heterogeneous
(e)
Homogeneous
(f)
Homogeneous
1.3
(a)
Matter
(b)
Energy
(g)
Heterogeneous
1.31
It is a compound because it can be decomposed into simpler
substances. We know that the products are simpler because
each is only
part
of the original sample; each has less mass.
1.33 (a)
Extensive
(c)
Matter
(d)
Energy
1.4
Heterogeneous mixtures
1.5
Buy the least expensive brand, if it is pure aspirin.
1.6
Freezing point (melting point)
(b)
Intensive
(c)
Intensive
1.7
The list is extensive. The following is a short sample: Metallic
luster, fairly good conductor of heat, fairly good conductor of
electricity, strong, somewhat malleable, high melting point,
resists rusting. Of these, the resistance to rusting is the chem-
ical property.
(d)
Extensive
(e)
Extensive
(f)
Extensive
(g)
Intensive
(h)
Intensive
1.36
Iron is heavier (for a given volume), magnetic, rusts more eas-
ily, is less easily bent, and is less shiny than aluminum, among
many other differences. The rusting is a chemical property.
1.38
A solution (Different parts have different properties.)
1.40
Striking a match is one example.
1.43
100 kg (Mass does not change with location.)
1.44
We use batteries for their portability and convenience and as
backups in case of power outages.
1.46
None (Energy is changed from chemical to heat.)
1.47
Chemical energy to electric energy to light
1.48
One example of each is given.
(a)
Battery
1.8
Steel does not shatter the way glass does. Glass is more brittle
than steel.
1.9
(a)
2 and 1. HF has hydrogen and fluorine; Hf is hafnium.
(b)
1 and 2. No is nobelium; NO has nitrogen and oxygen.
(c)
1 and 2. Si is silicon;
SI
2
has sulfur and iodine.
(d)
2 and 3.
PoCl
2
has polonium and chlorine;
POCl
3
has
phosphorus, oxygen, and chlorine.
(e)
3
(f)
3
1.10
C, Cu, and Cr are already used—for carbon, copper, and
chromium, respectively.
1.13 (a)
IA
(b)
Horn
(c)
Brakes
(b)
IIA
(c)
IB
(d)
VIIA
(d)
Battery
(e)
Engine
(f)
Starter
(e)
0
1.14
Group VIII has nine elements (not counting the artificial
elements above 103); the others have three or four each.
1.15
Main group elements
1.16
Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.
1.17
The main groups have five to seven elements each, and the
typical transition group has only three or four.
1.18 (a)
Group VIA (16)
(g)
Rear window defogger
9
109
100%
1.50
8.26%
1.51 (a)
Three
(b)
Two
(c)
Two
(d)
Four
(e)
Two
(f)
One
(g)
Two
1.58 (a)
V and As
(b)
N
1.59
Hydrogen
1.60
Phosphorus
1.61
Vanadium is a typical metal; it is on the left, far from the
metal-nonmetal dividing line in the periodic table.
1.65
(P and As are in the same periodic group, so their com-
pounds are expected to have similar formulas.)
1.68 (a)
Four (Cd, Cr, Co, Cu)
(b)
Third period
(c)
A main group element
1.19 (e)
1.21 (a)
Physical
(b)
Chemical
1.22 (a)
and
(b)
Physical change
1.24
A chemical change, which is more apt to generate heat
1.25 (a)
Compound
As
2
O
5
(b)
Two (Pd, Pt)
(b)
Cannot tell
1.70
Theory
1.71
No (It violates the law of conservation of mass.)
1.73 (a)
Analytical chemistry
(c)
Mixture
(d)
Mixture
(e)
Mixture
1.27
It is a compound, which has its own set of properties, as evi-
denced by the very high melting point.
(b)
Physical chemistry
(c)
Biochemistry
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