Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Table of Basic
Mathematical
Equations
Appendix 3
Equation
Name
Chapter Reference
V
l
h
w
Volume of a rectangular solid
2
d
m
V
Density
2
5
9
(
t
F
32)
t
Temperature conversion, Celsius and Fahrenheit
2
T
t
273
Temperature conversion, Kelvin and Celsius
2
A
p
n
Mass number
3
Z
p
Atomic number
3
moles of solute
liter of solution
M
Molarity
11
P
1
V
1
P
2
V
2
Boyle's law
12
V
1
T
1
V
2
T
2
Charles' law
12
P
1
V
1
T
1
P
2
V
2
T
2
Combined gas law
12
PV
nRT
Ideal gas law
12
. . .
P
total
P
1
P
2
Dalton's law
12
Heat
mc
¢
t
Heat capacity equation
14
¢
E
q
w
Change in energy
14
¢
H
¢
H
f
(products)
¢
H
f
(reactants)
Enthalpy change from enthalpies of formation
14
Concentration
kP
i
Henry's law
15
moles of solute
kilogram of solvent
m
Molality
15
moles of A
total moles in solution
X
A
Mole fraction of A
15
P
Z
X
Z
P
Z
Vapor pressure of Z
15
¢
P
P
°
P
Vapor-pressure lowering
15
¢
t
f
k
f
m
Freezing-point depression
15
¢
t
b
k
b
m
Boiling-point elevation
15
nRT
V
Osmotic pressure
15
log
[products]
p
[reactants]
r
0.0592
n
°
Nernst equation
17
[C]
c
[D]
d
[A]
a
[B]
b
K
Equilibrium constant expression
18
[H
3
O
][A
]
[HA]
K
a
Acid dissociation constant expression
19
[BH
][OH
]
[B]
K
b
Base dissociation constant expression
19
[H
3
O
][OH
]
K
w
Water ionization constant expression
19
pH
log
[H
3
O
]
Definition of pH
19
a
N
o
N
a
0.693
t
1/2
b
b
ln
t
Half-life equation
21
E
mc
2
Einstein's equation
21
601
