Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
20.4 Polymers
20.5 Foods
20.60
A styrene molecule can be considered to be an ethylene
molecule with one hydrogen replaced by a phenyl radical
Using R for draw a representation of
polystyrene like that of polyethylene shown in Section 20.4.
20.61 A propylene molecule can be considered to be an ethylene
molecule with one hydrogen replaced by a methyl radical.
Using R for draw a representation of polypropylene
like that of polyethylene shown in Section 20.4.
20.62
Are polymers expected to be gaseous at room tempera-
ture and atmospheric pressure? Explain.
20.63 Name all the plastic materials that existed in 1900.
20.64 Draw a section of polymer formed from a diamine and a
diacid. Have at least two molecules of each in your section.
20.65
Explain the difference between an amino acid and an
amide.
20.66 What elements are contained in each of the following?
(a) Fats (b) Sugars (c) Proteins
20.67 Draw a line formula for each of the following:
(a) Glycerine (glycerol) (b) A soap
(c) The simplest amino acid (d) A fatty acid
20.68 Draw a section of polymer formed from an amino acid.
Have at least three molecules of monomer in your section.
(C
6
H
5
¬
).
C
6
H
5
,
CH
3
,
General Problems
(C
6
H
5
)
2
CH
2
.
20.77
Which structural isomer of dichloroethene has a dipole?
(
Hint:
consider Section 13.4.)
20.78 Which isomers of difluorobenzene have dipoles?
20.79
Which classes of organic compounds do
not
need posi-
tional numbers for the functional groups in any of their
names?
20.80 Does difluoroethyne, a linear molecule, have a dipole?
20.81 Write a formula for a portion of a protein formed solely
from glycine monomers. Glycine is
20.82 Draw a condensed formula for (a) 1-chlorobutane and
(b) 2-chlorobutane. (c) Explain why there is no
3-chlorobutane.
20.83 Draw formulas for all structural isomers of the mono-
chloro compound produced by treating a limited quantity
of with (a) 2-methylhexane and (b) 3-methylhexane.
(c) Why are fewer isomers produced for one of these
than for the other?
20.84
Would it be worth paying extra to get the “health bene-
fits” of a fully hydrogenated unsaturated fat compared
with a saturated fat? Explain.
20.85 Write condensed formulas for all esters with molecular
formulas
(a) (b) (c)
20.86 Which food groups can be considered polymers?
20.87 Write a formula for a portion of a protein formed from
monomers represented by
20.88 Draw a representation of a protein molecule consisting
of four amino acid residues and containing two different
amino acids, differentiated by R and radicals. How
many different four-residue structures can be drawn?
20.69
Draw a condensed formula for
20.70 Draw condensed formulas for four primary amines with
molecular formula
C
4
H
11
N.
20.71 Calculate the oxidation number of the carbon atom in
each of the following:
(a) (b) HCOOH
(c) HCHO (d)
(e) (f )
20.72 Write the line formula for the largest (a) alcohol that
cannot have an ether isomer, (b) aldehyde that cannot
have a ketone isomer, and (c) acid that cannot have an
ester isomer.
HCONH
2
CH
3
OH
CH
2
Br
2
CH
3
Br
NH
2
CH
2
COOH.
20.73
(a) Calculate the oxidation number of the carbon atoms
in each of the following molecules:
Cl
2
CH
3
OCH
3
CH
3
COOH
CH
3
CH
2
OH
HCOOCH
3
(b) Deduce a generalization about oxidation numbers
and isomerism.
20.74
(a) Deduce the numbering system for the benzene
rings in DDT (see Figure 20.7) from the systematic
name given.
(b) Draw a structural formula for di(2-chlorophenyl)-
methane.
C
2
H
4
O
2
C
3
H
6
O
2
C
4
H
8
O
2
20.75 Explain how the following compound can act as a deter-
gent, making grease and water mix:
NH
2
CHRCOOH.
CH
3
(CH
2
)
n
CH
2
SO
3
K
20.76 TNT (end of Section 20.1) is more precisely known as
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. Define the numbering system for
the benzene ring of toluene.
R
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