Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
0.8
0.8
V
(L)
V
(L)
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
200
100
0
100
200
300
273
200
100
0
100
200
300
t
(
C)
t
(
C)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
T
(K)
(a)
(b)
Figure 12.4
Dependence of
Volume on Temperature at
Constant Pressure
(a) Plot of the data given in Table
12.1. (b) Extension of the line in part
(a) to absolute zero, with the Kelvin
scale added to the horizontal axis.
Practice Problem 12.5
What is normal human body temperature,
on the Kelvin scale? (See Section 2.6, if necessary.)
98.6°F,
Charles' law
states that the volume of a given sample of gas is directly
proportional to its
absolute
temperature. In Table 12.2, the data of Table 12.1
are expanded to include the corresponding absolute temperatures. Note that
dividing the volume by the corresponding absolute temperature for each
experiment in Table 12.2 yields the same ratio for all the experiments. That
means that the volume and the absolute temperature are directly proportional,
which can be stated as an equation:
V
T
k
or
V
kT
Fahrenheit
Celsius
Kelvin (absolute)
Figure 12.5
Comparison of
Temperature Scales (Schematic)
Normal boiling
point of water
212
100
373 K
Freezing point
of water
32
0
273 K
Absolute
zero
-459
-273
0 K
