Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Practice Problem 8.20
Classify the reactions of parts (a) and (d) of
Example 8.20 according to the classes of Section 8.3.
EXAMPLE 8.21
Complete and balance an equation for each of the following reactions:
(a)
(b)
N
2
O
3
H
2
O £
Na
2
O
H
2
O £
Solution
(a)
(b)
N
2
O
3
H
2
O £ 2 HNO
2
Na
2
O
H
2
O £ 2 NaOH
Practice Problem 8.21
Complete and balance an equation for each
of the following reactions:
(a)
(b) Na
2
O
N
2
O
3
NaOH £
HNO
3
£
A few nonmetal oxides, including CO and are not acidic anhydrides;
they do not react with water under ordinary conditions to form acids or with bases
to form salts:
N
2
O,
CO(g)
H
2
O(
)
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→ N.R.
Room temperature
CO(g)
NaOH(aq)
→ N.R.
N
2
O(g)
H
2
O(
)
→ N.R.
Acid Salts
Acids containing more than one ionizable hydrogen atom, such as and
can be
partially
neutralized if less base is used than is needed for com-
plete neutralization. The salt formed contains ionizable hydrogen atoms and
therefore is still capable of reacting with bases:
H
3
PO
4
(aq)
H
2
SO
3
H
3
PO
4
,
NaOH(aq)
→
NaH
2
PO
4
(aq)
H
2
O(
)
(Partial neutralization)
H
3
PO
4
(aq)
2 NaOH(aq)
→
Na
2
HPO
4
(aq)
2 H
2
O(
)
(Partial neutralization)
)
(Complete neutralization)
A substance produced by a partial neutralization, such as or
is partially a salt and partially an acid. As the product of an acid and a base, it isa
salt. However, it is capable of neutralizing more base, so it can also act as an acid:
H
3
PO
4
(aq)
3 NaOH(aq)
→
Na
3
PO
4
(aq)
3 H
2
O(
NaH
2
PO
4
Na
2
HPO
4
,
NaH
2
PO
4
(aq)
NaOH(aq) £ Na
2
HPO
4
(aq)
H
2
O(
/
)
NaH
2
PO
4
(aq)
2 NaOH(aq) £ Na
3
PO
4
(aq)
2 H
2
O(
/
)
or
Na
2
HPO
4
(aq)
NaOH(aq) £ Na
3
PO
4
(aq)
H
2
O(
/
)
