Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
EXAMPLE 8.12
Complete and balance the following equations:
(a)
(b)
NaC
2
H
3
O
2
(aq)
HNO
3
(aq) £
Na
2
CO
3
(aq)
HNO
3
(aq) £
Solution
(a)
NaC
2
H
3
O
2
(aq)
HNO
3
(aq) £ NaNO
3
(aq)
HC
2
H
3
O
2
(aq)
is strong, and thus ionic. The salts are also ionic. However, acetic acid,
is weak, and the formation of this covalent compound causes this
reaction to go.
(b)
The formation of the covalent compounds
HNO
3
HC
2
H
3
O
2
,
Na
2
CO
3
(aq)
2 HNO
3
(aq)£ 2 NaNO
3
(aq)
CO
2
(g)
H
2
O(
/
)
CO
2
(g)
and
H
2
O(
/
)
drives this reac-
tion.
CO
2
is readily seen to be covalent because it is a gas.
Practice Problem 8.12
Complete and balance the following equations:
(a)
(b) NH
4
I(aq)
NH
4
NO
3
(aq)
NaOH(aq) £
Ba(OH)
2
(aq) £
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
An industrial process called the
Solvay process
uses the following set of
reactions to produce (known as washing soda). The reactants are
inexpensive, and is a very important industrial compound used
in the manufacture of soap, glass, paper, detergents, and other chemicals.
ITEM OF INTEREST
Na
2
CO
3
Na
2
CO
3
Heat
⎯→
CaCO
3
(s)
CaO(s)
CO
2
(g)
2 H
2
O(
/
)
2 CO
2
(g)
2 NH
3
(aq) £ 2 NH
4
HCO
3
(aq)
2 NaCl(aq)
2 NH
4
HCO
3
(aq) £ 2 NaHCO
3
(s)
2 NH
4
Cl(aq)
Very concentrated solutions
Heat
2 NaHCO
3
(s)
⎯→
Na
2
CO
3
(s)
CO
2
(g)
H
2
O(
)
CaO(s)
H
2
O(
/
) £ Ca(OH)
2
(s)
2 NH
4
Cl(aq)
Ca(OH)
2
(s)£2 NH
3
(aq)
2 H
2
O(
/
)
CaCl
2
(aq)
If we add all the reactants and all the products in these equations and then
delete the compounds that appear on both sides, we get the following
overall equation:
CaCO
3
2 NaCl £ Na
2
CO
3
CaCl
2
EXAMPLE 8.13
Can industrial chemists simply combine
CaCO
3
and NaCl to get
Na
2
CO
3
and CaCl
2
?
