Nomenclature - Fundamentals of Chemistry - page 172

water is referred to as hydrochloric acid. is one of very few acids usually
named like an alkali metal-nonmetal compound even when dissolved in water.
It is called hydrogen sulfide, but the name hydrosulfuric acid (analogous to
hydrochloric acid) may be used for its aqueous solution.

H 2 S

EXAMPLE 6.19

Name the following acids:
(a) HNO 3 (b) H 3 PO 3 (c) H 2 SO 3

(d) HBrO (e) HClO 4 (f ) HI

Solution

(a) Nitric acid. The ending - ate of the nitrate ion is changed to - ic acid .
(b) Phosphorous acid. The ending - ite of the phosphite ion is changed to - ous
acid . In this case, the stem is also changed to phosphor .
(c) Sulfurous acid. The ending - ite is changed to - ous acid, and the stem is
changed from sulf to sulfur .
(d) Hypobromous acid. The ending - ite is changed to - ous acid . The prefix
hypo - on the anion makes no difference to the suffix; the prefix is included
in the acid name.
(e) Perchloric acid. The ending - ate of perchlorate ion is changed to - ic acid;
the prefix per - is not changed.

(f) Hydroiodic acid. The prefix hydro - distinguishes this binary acid from HIO 3 .

Practice Problem 6.19 Name the following acids:
(a) HIO 3 (b) H 2 SO 4 (c) HClO 2

Formulas for acids can be written by replacing every negative charge on
the corresponding anion with one hydrogen atom. For example, has two
negative charges; therefore, sulfuric acid has two ionizable hydrogen atoms (and
no charge):

SO 4 2

H 2 SO 4 . If the ion is an oxoanion, the acid is an oxoacid.

EXAMPLE 6.20

Write the formula for each of the following acids:

(a) Hypophosphorous acid (b) Chloric acid (c) Perbromic acid

Solution

(a) H 3 PO 2 (b) HClO 3 (c) HBrO 4

Practice Problem 6.20 Write the formulas for (a) nitrous acid and
(b) sulfuric acid.

Figure 6.4 and Table 6.5 outline a systematic procedure for naming many
compounds and ions. One of these presentations may be very helpful, especially
at first. (Use only one of these as needed.)