Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Self-Tutorial Problems
4.1
If an athlete runs around a track 12 times in an hour, what
is her frequency (including the unit)?
(d) Will all 10 have the lowest energy possible under the
circumstances?
4.2
Multiply the wavelength and frequency values at any
point in Figure 4.1. What value results? Repeat the pro-
cedure for a second point. Does the same or different
value result? Explain these results.
4.8
What principles or rules affect the energies of electrons
in an atom?
4.9
(a) Can two tickets to a concert have the same section,
the same row, the same seat, and the same date?
(b) How many of these must be different to avoid seat-
ing problems?
(c) Can two electrons in the same atom have the same
n
value, the same
4.3
What difference is there, if any, when the instructor
states “The first line in the visible spectrum of hydrogen
has a definite (a) wavelength.” (b) frequency.” (c) energy
of its photons.”
/
value, the same
m
/
value, and the
4.4
For what element is the Bohr theory most useful?
same
m
s
value?
(d) How many of these must be different to have a per-
missible situation?
4.10
For the electrons of Table 4.2, is the sign of the
m
s
value
arbitrary for (a) the first electron, (b) the second electron,
(c) the fifth electron, (d) the tenth electron?
4.11
Explain why helium, with two outermost electrons, has
the same inertness characteristic of neon and argon, each
with eight outermost electrons.
4.12
Add the energies for the change of the electron in the hy-
drogen atom from the third orbit to the second plus that
from the second orbit to the first (see Example 4.3 and
Practice Problem 4.3 for data). Compare your answer to
the energy for the change from the third orbit to the first,
and explain your result.
4.5
What values are possible for the principal quantum num-
ber
n
for electrons in the ground state of an atom of Ac,
element 89?
4.6
(a) What is the difference, if any, between an
s
subshell
and an
s
orbital?
(b) What is the difference, if any, between a
p
subshell
and a
p
orbital?
4.7
(a) If 10 marbles are placed in an empty ice cream cone,
how many will have the lowest position?
(b) If the cone is held steady, how many will have the
lowest position possible under the circumstances?
(c) Do the 10 electrons in a neon atom in its ground state
all have the same energy?
Problems
4.1 A Brief Exploration of Light
4.2 Bohr Theory
4.13
Calculate the frequency of a photon of light of wave-
length corresponding to a line in the
visible spectrum of hydrogen.
4.14
Use the equation with
E
in joules,
c
in meters
per second, and in meters to determine the units of
h.
4.15
Calculate the wavelength of a photon of light of energy
corresponding to a line in the visible
spectrum of hydrogen.
4.16 Label Figure 4.1 with an axis having units of energy.
4.17 Calculate the frequency and wavelength of a
photon, corresponding to a line in the visible
spectrum of hydrogen.
4.18
Calculate the energy of a photon of light of wavelength
corresponding to a line in the visible
spectrum of hydrogen.
4.19 The frequency of a certain beam of light is
Calculate the wavelength and the energy of its photons.
Determine in what portion of the electromagnetic spec-
trum the beam lies.
4.20
Describe qualitatively the relationship between energy
and the electron transitions occurring in the neon gas in
a neon sign.
4.21
List the possible series of electron transitions for an elec-
tron descending from the sixth shell to the third in a
hydrogen atom.
4.22
How many different wavelengths of light would be emit-
ted if many identical atoms underwent the changes
described in the prior problem?
6.563
10
7
m,
E
hc
l
l
4.09
10
19
J,
4.85
4.3 Quantum Numbers
10
19
J
4.23
What values of
/
are permitted for an electron with
n
4?
4.340
10
7
m,
4.24
What values of
m
/
are permitted for an electron with
/
3?
7.00
10
11
/s.
4.25
What values of
m
s
are permitted for an electron with
and
m
/
2?
n
5,
/
3,
