Geoenvironment Management and Sustainability - Sustainable Practices in Geoenvironmental Engineering - page 21

Example of some of the SFI data requirements for clay barrier attributes for
impact of stressors from waste pile as a function of time

Physical-mechanical
Density
Porosity
Hydraulic conductivity
Rheology
Volume change
Cementation

Biological

Chemical

Potentially
mineralizable N

Cation exchange capacity CEC
pH and Eh
Sodium adsorption ratio SAR
Electrical conductivity
Organic C

Microbial biomass C
and N

Soil respiration

FIGURE 1.8
Some of the major soil attributes used as indicators for SFI data for a clay barrier component of multi-barrier sys-
tem used for containment of waste pile in a landill. (Adapted from Yong, R.N. et al., Environmental Soil Properties
and Behaviour , CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 435 pp., 2012.)

Nonsaline, about 2.5%

Distribution of
nonsaline water

(Not to scale)

FIGURE 1.9
Distribution of global water. Note that of the approximately 2.5% nonsaline water, about 30% exists in the
ground as groundwater. (Information from UNEP, Vital Water Graphics: An Overview of the World's Fresh and
Marine Waters , 2nd ed., UNEP, Nairobi, Kenya, 2008.)